irnua
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hirnudak.
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈirnuɑ/, [ˈirnuɑ]
- Rhymes: -irnuɑ
- Hyphenation: ir‧nua
Verb
irnua
- to neigh, whinny
Inflection
| Conjugation of irnua (type II-1/kuttsua, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | irnun | en irnu | 1st singular | õõn irnunnu | en õõ irnunnu |
| 2nd singular | irnud | ed irnu | 2nd singular | õõd irnunnu | ed õõ irnunnu |
| 3rd singular | irnub | eb irnu | 3rd singular | on irnunnu | eb õõ irnunnu |
| 1st plural | irnummõ | emmä irnu | 1st plural | öõmmõ irnunnu | emmä õõ irnunnu |
| 2nd plural | irnuttõ | että irnu | 2nd plural | õõttõ irnunnu | että õõ irnunnu |
| 3rd plural | irnuta | eväd irnu | 3rd plural | õlla irnuttu | eväd õõ irnuttu |
| impersonal | irnuta | eväd irnu | impersonal | õlla irnuttu | eväd õõ irnuttu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | irnuzin | en irnunnu | 1st singular | õlin irnunnu | — |
| 2nd singular | irnuzid | ed irnunnu | 2nd singular | õlid irnunnu | — |
| 3rd singular | irnu | eb irnunnu | 3rd singular | õli irnunnu | — |
| 1st plural | irnuzimmõ | emmä irnunnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ irnunnu | — |
| 2nd plural | irnuzittõ | että irnunnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ irnunnu | — |
| 3rd plural | irnutti | eväd irnuttu | 3rd plural | õlti irnuttu | — |
| impersonal | irnutti | eväd irnuttu | impersonal | õlti irnuttu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | irnuizin | en irnuizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin irnunnu | en õllõizʹ irnunnu |
| 2nd singular | irnuizid | ed irnuizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid irnunnu | ed õllõizʹ irnunnu |
| 3rd singular | irnuizʹ | eb irnuizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ irnunnu | eb õllõizʹ irnunnu |
| 1st plural | irnuizimmõ | emmä irnuizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ irnunnu | emmä õllõizʹ irnunnu |
| 2nd plural | irnuizittõ | että irnuizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ irnunnu | että õllõizʹ irnunnu |
| 3rd plural | irnuttaizʹ | eväd irnuttaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ irnuttu | eväd õltaizʹ irnuttu |
| impersonal | irnuttaizʹ | eväd irnuttaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ irnuttu | eväd õltaizʹ irnuttu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | irnu | elä irnu | |||
| 3rd singular | irnugo | elko irnugo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | irnuga | elka irnuga | |||
| 3rd plural | irnugod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | irnua | present | irnujõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | irnuma | past | irnunnu | irnuttu |
| inessive | irnumõz | ||||
| elative | irnumassõ | ||||
| abessive | irnumattõ | ||||
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “irnua”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn