Irish
English
Etymology
From Middle English Irish (12th c.), from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)), further origin heavily debated but probably from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *piH-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”), akin to Ancient Greek πίειρα (píeira, “fertile land”), Sanskrit पीवरी (pīvarī, “fat”).
Pronunciation
audio (US) (file) - enPR: ī'rĭsh, IPA(key): /ˈaɪɹɪʃ/
- enPR: īə'rĭsh, IPA(key): /ˈaɪəɹɪʃ/
- (weak vowel merger) IPA(key): /ˈaɪɹəʃ/
- Hyphenation: Ir‧ish
Proper noun
Irish
- (uncountable) The Gaelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic.
- Irish is the first official and national language of Ireland.
- (as plural) The Irish people.
- 2015 March 1, “Infrastructure”, in Last Week Tonight with John Oliver, season 2, episode 4, HBO:
- America used to love dams... Yes, and we built those dams with ingenuity and brawn and, of course, piles and piles of dead Irish.
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- A surname.
Usage notes
- Use Irishman, Irishwoman, Irish person, etc for one singular person.
Derived terms
Derived terms
- black Irish
- Connacht Irish
- Irish English
- Munster Irish
- smoked Irish
- Ulster Irish
Translations
the language
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the people
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Noun
Irish (countable and uncountable, plural Irish or Irishes)
- (uncountable, obsolete) A board game of the tables family.
- (uncountable, US) Temper; anger, passion.
- 1834, David Crockett, A Narrative of the Life of David Crockett, Nebraska, published 1987, page 65:
- But her Irish was up too high to do any thing with her, and so I quit trying.
- 1947, Hy Heath, John Lange, Clancy Lowered the Boom:
- Whenever he got his Irish up, Clancy lowered the boom.
- 1997, Andrew M. Greeley, Irish Lace, page 296:
- The Priest is as fierce a fighter as I am when he gets his Irish up.
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- (countable, uncountable) Whiskey, or whisky, elaborated in Ireland.
- 1889, Jerome K. Jerome, Three Men in a Boat […] :
- Harris said he'd had enough oratory for one night, and proposed that we should go out and have a smile, saying that he had found a place, round by the square, where you could really get a drop of Irish worth drinking.
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Translations
board game
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Adjective
Irish (comparative more Irish, superlative most Irish)
- Pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people.
- 1992 April 26, "Hot Off the Press" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 5:
- A. Fink-Nottle: But it's absolute balderdash, Bertie. I mean, listen to this: "Sure and begorrah, I don't know what's after being the matter with you, Michael." I mean, what on earth is this "what's after being" stuff mean?
B.W. Wooster: My dear old Gussie, that is how people think Irish people talk.
- A. Fink-Nottle: But it's absolute balderdash, Bertie. I mean, listen to this: "Sure and begorrah, I don't know what's after being the matter with you, Michael." I mean, what on earth is this "what's after being" stuff mean?
- Sheep are typical in the Irish landscape.
- 1992 April 26, "Hot Off the Press" Jeeves and Wooster, Series 3, Episode 5:
- Pertaining to the Irish language.
- (derogatory) nonsensical, daft or complex.
- 1995, Irving Lewis Allen, The City in Slang: New York Life and Popular Speech:
- The slur continued with Irish confetti, a popular term for paving stones or Belgian bricks that were laid in New York streets beginning about 1832.
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Derived terms
Terms derived from Irish (adjective)
- Irish bouzouki
- Irish coffee
- Irish cream
- Irish goodbye
- Irish joke
- Irishly
- Irish wolfhound
- Northern Irish
- weep Irish
Translations
pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people
|
pertaining to the language
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
|
See also
- Erse
- Gaelic
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Irish terms
- Appendix:Irish Swadesh list for a Swadesh list of basic vocabulary words in Irish
Further reading
- Irish–English Dictionary: from Webster’s Dictionary — the Rosetta Edition.
- ISO 639-1 code ga, ISO 639-3 code gle (SIL)
- Ethnologue entry for Irish, gle
Anagrams
- Rishi, rishi, sirih
Cebuano
Etymology 1
From English Irish, from Middle English Irisce, from Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Éire (“Ireland”)), from Proto-Celtic *Īwerjū (“fat land, fertile”), from Proto-Indo-European *pi-wer- (“fertile”), from *peyH- (literally “fat”).
Proper noun
Irish
- the Goidelic language indigenous to Ireland, also known as Irish Gaelic
Noun
Irish
- an Irishman or Irishwoman
Adjective
Irish
- pertaining to or originating from Ireland or the Irish people
- pertaining to the Irish language
Etymology 2
From English Irish. Also a corruption of Iris.
Proper noun
Irish
- a female given name from English
Middle English
Alternative forms
- Irishe, Irisse, Ireshe
Etymology
From Old English Īras (“Irishmen”), from Old Norse Írar, from Old Irish Ériu (modern Irish Éire (“Ireland”)).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈiːriʃ/
Noun
Irish (uncountable)
- Irish
Descendants
- English: Irish
- Yola: Eeerish, Eerish
References
- “Īrish, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.