ipse
Interlingua
Etymology
From Latin ipse.
Pronoun
ipse
- himself; herself; itself
Latin
Alternative forms
- ipsus (ante-classical)
Etymology
Compounded from Proto-Indo-European *éy and *swé.
In Old Latin when both parts were inflected, a glide consonant p was inserted in the form *eum-sum, yielding eum-p-sum. From these accusative forms the stems -pso and -psā were extracted and adapted to the nominative forms, thus ipsus and eapsa. Ultimately the paradigm was assimilated to that of iste, ille, with only later in the history of Latin neuter ipsum becoming ipsud.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈip.se/, [ˈɪps̠ɛ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈip.se/, [ˈipse]
- Hyphenation: ip‧se
Determiner
ipse (feminine ipsa, neuter ipsum); demonstrative pronoun (pronominal)
- (emphatic) himself, herself, itself, the very, the actual
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.6:
- cōpiaque ipsa nocet
- and the very abundance [of choices] hurts
- cōpiaque ipsa nocet
- in person
- for one's part, for his part, for her part
- alone, by oneself, by one's own accord, of one's own nature
- just (with an adverb of time)
- nunc ipsum ― just now; at this very time
- tum ipsum ― just now; at that very time
- exactly, precisely, just (with a numeral or for contrast)
Declension
Demonstrative pronoun (pronominal).
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | ipse | ipsa | ipsum | ipsī | ipsae | ipsa | |
Genitive | ipsī̆us | ipsōrum | ipsārum | ipsōrum | |||
Dative | ipsī | ipsīs | |||||
Accusative | ipsum | ipsam | ipsum | ipsōs | ipsās | ipsa | |
Ablative | ipsō | ipsā | ipsō | ipsīs |
It follows the pronominal declension
- In Medieval Latin the neuter form ipsud (instead of ipsum) appears.
Coordinate terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
basic | quis, quī | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | quī | quisquis, quīcumque | ipse, īdem | alter, alius |
dual | uter | alteruter, uterque | uter | utercumque | |||||
number | quot | aliquot | tot | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | totidem | |||
order | quotus | totus | quotus | quotuscumque | |||||
quantity | quam | aliquam | tam | quam | †quamquam | †tamen, †tandem | |||
size | quantus | aliquantus | tantus | quantus | quantuscumque | tantusdem | |||
quality | quālis | aliquālis | tālis | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | ||||
manner | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | ita, sic, eō/istō modō | hōc modō | illō modō | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | item, itidem | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
method, path, place | quā | aliquā, quāque | eā, istāc | hāc | illāc | quā | quāquā, quācumque | eādem | aliā |
place | ubi | alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam | ibi, istic | hīc | illīc | ubi | ubiubi, ubicumque | ibidem | alibī, aliās |
source | unde | alicunde, undeunde | inde, istinc | hinc | illinc | unde | undecumque | indidem | aliunde |
destination | quō, quōrsum | aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | eō, istūc, °istōrsum | hūc, °hōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | quō | quōquō, quōcumque | eōdem | aliō, aliorsum |
time | quandō | quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam | tum, tunc | num, nunc | ōlim | cum, quandō | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | simul | aliās |
exact time | quota hōra | ea/ista hōra | hac hōra | illa hōra | quota hōra | quotacumque hōra | eadem hōra | altera/alia hōra | |
repetition | quotiēns | aliquotiēns | totiēns | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | ||||
multiplication | quotuplex | totuplex | quotuplex | ||||||
† Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare |
Derived terms
- semetipse
- ipsimus
- rēapse
- ipse dīxit
- res ipsa loquitur, res loquitur ipsa
Derived terms
- *ad ipsum
- *eccum ipse
- *metipse
- *metipsimus
Descendants
- Aromanian: nãs, nãsã, is, isã
- Catalan: eixe, eixa, eixos, eixes
- Eastern or Balearic: es, sa, es, ses[2]
- Galician: ese, esa, iso, eses, esas, eis
- Italian: esso, essa, essi, esse ⇒ stesso, stessa
- Old Franco-Provençal: eis, eissament
- Franco-Provençal: pas n'eis (Terres Froides)
- Old French: es, esse, is, en esse de
- French: en esse de (regional, Eastern France)
- Lorrain: èche de
- Piedmontese: ës, s, së, is
- Portuguese: esse, essa, isso, esses, essas
- Romanian: îns, însă, însăși, însele, însuși, înșiși [3]
- Sardinian: issu; su
- Spanish: ese, esa, eso, esos, esas
References
- “ipse”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ipse in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to penetrate into the heart of Greece: in ipsam or intimam Graeciam penetrare
- (ambiguous) at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
- just at the critical moment: in ipso discrimine (articulo) temporis
- extraneous causes: causae extrinsecus allatae (opp. in ipsa re positae)
- at the critical moment: in ipso periculi discrimine
- everyday experience tells us this: res ipsa, usus rerum (cotidie) docet
- the very facts of the case show this: res ipsa docet
- the matter speaks for itself: res ipsa (pro me apud te) loquitur
- there is a flavour of Atticism about his discourse: ex illius orationibus ipsae Athenae redolent
- this is as clear as daylight: hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius
- (ambiguous) at the same moment that, precisely when: eo ipso tempore, cum; tum ipsum, cum
- (ambiguous) with this very object: ad id ipsum
- (ambiguous) the circumstances are described in language worthy of them: rebus ipsis par est oratio
- (ambiguous) to have self-control; to restrain oneself, master one's inclinations: sibi imperare or continere et coercere se ipsum
- to penetrate into the heart of Greece: in ipsam or intimam Graeciam penetrare
- ipse in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
-
- Palmer, L.R. (1906) The Latin Language, London, Faber and Faber
- Joan Veny (1986): "Els parlars catalans", ed Raixa, →ISBN
- "The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language (online version, ed. 2008)", http://dexonline.ro/lexem/%C3%AEnsu%C8%99i/28651