instruo
Esperanto
Etymology
From instrui + -o.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key): [insˈtruo]
- Rhymes: -uo
- Hyphenation: ins‧tru‧o
Noun
instruo (accusative singular instruon, plural instruoj, accusative plural instruojn)
- instruction
- Synonyms: instrukcio, instruado, komando
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *enstrowō. Equivalent to in- (“in, at, on”) + struō (“pile up, arrange; construct”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈin.stru.oː/, [ˈĩːs̠t̪ruoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈin.stru.o/, [ˈinst̪ruo]
Verb
īnstruō (present infinitive īnstruere, perfect active īnstrūxī, supine īnstrūctum); third conjugation, limited passive
- I build in or into, insert; erect, construct
- Synonyms: condo, fundo, constituo, statuo, figo
- I arrange, organise or organize, plan; devise
- Synonyms: parō, compōnō
- I prepare (for), provide (for), make ready, set up, furnish, provide, equip, fit out, procure
- Synonyms: exōrnō, adōrnō, ōrnō, praebeō, apparō, parō, accingō, suggerō, comparō, afferō
- I provide with information, teach, inform, instruct
- Synonyms: doceō, discō, ēducō, ērudiō, ēdoceō, magistrō, imbuō, fingō
- (military) I draw up (in battle formation), array, set in order, form
- Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 15:
- Romanus [...] dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit
- The Roman general intended and arrayed [his forces] for a decisive battle, crossed the Tiber
- Romanus [...] dimicationi ultimae instructus intentusque Tiberim transit
Conjugation
- The second-person singular perfect indicative active form īnstrūxistī sometimes occurs syncopated as īnstrūxtī.
| Conjugation of īnstruō (third conjugation, only third-person forms in passive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | īnstruō | īnstruis | īnstruit | īnstruimus | īnstruitis | īnstruunt |
| imperfect | īnstruēbam | īnstruēbās | īnstruēbat | īnstruēbāmus | īnstruēbātis | īnstruēbant | |
| future | īnstruam | īnstruēs | īnstruet | īnstruēmus | īnstruētis | īnstruent | |
| perfect | īnstrūxī | īnstrūxistī | īnstrūxit | īnstrūximus | īnstrūxistis | īnstrūxērunt, īnstrūxēre | |
| pluperfect | īnstrūxeram | īnstrūxerās | īnstrūxerat | īnstrūxerāmus | īnstrūxerātis | īnstrūxerant | |
| future perfect | īnstrūxerō | īnstrūxeris | īnstrūxerit | īnstrūxerimus | īnstrūxeritis | īnstrūxerint | |
| passive | present | — | — | īnstruitur | — | — | īnstruuntur |
| imperfect | — | — | īnstruēbātur | — | — | īnstruēbantur | |
| future | — | — | īnstruētur | — | — | īnstruentur | |
| perfect | — | — | īnstrūctus est | — | — | īnstrūctī sunt | |
| pluperfect | — | — | īnstrūctus erat | — | — | īnstrūctī erant | |
| future perfect | — | — | īnstrūctus erit | — | — | īnstrūctī erunt | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | īnstruam | īnstruās | īnstruat | īnstruāmus | īnstruātis | īnstruant |
| imperfect | īnstruerem | īnstruerēs | īnstrueret | īnstruerēmus | īnstruerētis | īnstruerent | |
| perfect | īnstrūxerim | īnstrūxerīs | īnstrūxerit | īnstrūxerīmus | īnstrūxerītis | īnstrūxerint | |
| pluperfect | īnstrūxissem | īnstrūxissēs | īnstrūxisset | īnstrūxissēmus | īnstrūxissētis | īnstrūxissent | |
| passive | present | — | — | īnstruātur | — | — | īnstruantur |
| imperfect | — | — | īnstruerētur | — | — | īnstruerentur | |
| perfect | — | — | īnstrūctus sit | — | — | īnstrūctī sint | |
| pluperfect | — | — | īnstrūctus esset, īnstrūctus foret | — | — | īnstrūctī essent, īnstrūctī forent | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | īnstrue | — | — | īnstruite | — |
| future | — | īnstruitō | īnstruitō | — | īnstruitōte | īnstruuntō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | īnstruere | īnstrūxisse | īnstrūctūrum esse | īnstruī | īnstrūctum esse | īnstrūctum īrī | |
| participles | īnstruēns | — | īnstrūctūrus | — | īnstrūctus | īnstruendus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| īnstruendī | īnstruendō | īnstruendum | īnstruendō | īnstrūctum | īnstrūctū | ||
Derived terms
- īnstrūctē
- īnstrūctiō
- īnstrūctor
- īnstrūctūra
- īnstrūctus
- īnstrūmentum
Related terms
- circumstruō
- construō
- dēstruō
- exstruō
- interstruō
- obstruō
- perstruō
- praestruō
- rēstruō
- struō
- substruō
- superstruō
Descendants
- Catalan: instruir
- English: instruct
- Esperanto: instrui
- Galician: instruír
- Italian: istruire
- Old French:
- French: instruire
- Norman: înstruithe (Jersey)
- Portuguese: instruir
- Sicilian: strujiri
- Spanish: instruir
References
- “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “instruo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- instruo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
- to prepare, give a feast, dinner: convivium instruere, apparare, ornare (magnifice, splendide)
- to load the tables with the most exquisite viands: mensas exquisitissimis epulis instruere (Tusc. 5. 21. 62)
- to draw up forces in battle-order: aciem (copias, exercitum) instruere or in acie constituere
- to draw up the army in three lines: aciem triplicem instruere (B. G. 1. 24)
- to equip a boat, a fleet: navem (classem) armare, ornare, instruere
- to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
Portuguese
Verb
instruo
- first-person singular present indicative of instruir