instruir
See also: instruír
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin īnstruō.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ins.tɾuˈi/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ins.tɾuˈiɾ/
- Rhymes: -i(ɾ)
Verb
instruir (first-person singular present instrueixo, past participle instruït)
- to instruct; to teach
Conjugation
Conjugation of instruir (third conjugation with -eix- infix)
| infinitive | instruir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | instruint | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | instruït | instruïda | |||||
| plural | instruïts | instruïdes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | instrueixo | instrueixes | instrueix | instruïm | instruïu | instrueixen | |
| imperfect | instruïa | instruïes | instruïa | instruíem | instruíeu | instruïen | |
| future | instruiré | instruiràs | instruirà | instruirem | instruireu | instruiran | |
| preterite | instruí | instruïres | instruí | instruírem | instruíreu | instruïren | |
| conditional | instruiria | instruiries | instruiria | instruiríem | instruiríeu | instruirien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | instrueixi | instrueixis | instrueixi | instruïm | instruïu | instrueixin | |
| imperfect | instruís | instruïssis | instruís | instruíssim | instruíssiu | instruïssin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | instrueix | instrueixi | instruïm | instruïu | instrueixin | ||
Related terms
- instrucció
- instructor
Further reading
- “instruir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “instruir”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “instruir” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “instruir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Portuguese
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin īnstruere, with change of conjugation.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ĩs.tɾuˈi(ʁ)/ [ĩs.tɾʊˈi(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩsˈtɾwi(ʁ)/ [ĩsˈtɾwi(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ĩs.tɾuˈi(ɾ)/ [ĩs.tɾʊˈi(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩsˈtɾwi(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ĩʃ.tɾuˈi(ʁ)/ [ĩʃ.tɾʊˈi(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩʃˈtɾwi(ʁ)/ [ĩʃˈtɾwi(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ĩs.tɾuˈi(ɻ)/ [ĩs.tɾʊˈi(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ĩsˈtɾwi(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ĩʃ.tɾuˈiɾ/, (faster pronunciation) /ĩʃˈtɾwiɾ/
- Hyphenation: ins‧tru‧ir
Verb
instruir (first-person singular present instruo, first-person singular preterite instruí, past participle instruído)
- to instruct, teach
- inflection of instruir:
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive
- first/third-person singular personal infinitive
Conjugation
Conjugation of instruir (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | instruir | |||||
| Personal | instruir | instruíres | instruir | instruirmos | instruirdes | instruírem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| instruindo | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | instruído | instruídos | ||||
| Feminine | instruída | instruídas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | instruo | instruis | instrui | instruímos | instruís | instruem |
| Imperfect | instruía | instruías | instruía | instruíamos | instruíeis | instruíam |
| Preterite | instruí | instruíste | instruiu | instruímos | instruístes | instruíram |
| Pluperfect | instruíra | instruíras | instruíra | instruíramos | instruíreis | instruíram |
| Future | instruirei | instruirás | instruirá | instruiremos | instruireis | instruirão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| instruiria | instruirias | instruiria | instruiríamos | instruiríeis | instruiriam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | instrua | instruas | instrua | instruamos | instruais | instruam |
| Imperfect | instruísse | instruísses | instruísse | instruíssemos | instruísseis | instruíssem |
| Future | instruir | instruíres | instruir | instruirmos | instruirdes | instruírem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | instrui | instrua | instruamos | instruí | instruam | |
| Negative (não) | não instruas | não instrua | não instruamos | não instruais | não instruam | |
Related terms
- instrução
- instrutor
Further reading
- “instruir” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin īnstruere.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /insˈtɾwiɾ/ [ĩnsˈt̪ɾwiɾ]
- Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: ins‧truir
Verb
instruir (first-person singular present instruyo, first-person singular preterite instruí, past participle instruido)
- to instruct
- to inform
- to educate, school
- (Spain, law) to investigate in the course of a criminal proceeding
Conjugation
Conjugation of instruir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | instruir | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | instruyendo | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | instruido | instruida | |||||
| plural | instruidos | instruidas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | instruyo | instruyestú instruísvos | instruye | instruimos | instruís | instruyen | |
| imperfect | instruía | instruías | instruía | instruíamos | instruíais | instruían | |
| preterite | instruí | instruiste | instruyó | instruimos | instruisteis | instruyeron | |
| future | instruiré | instruirás | instruirá | instruiremos | instruiréis | instruirán | |
| conditional | instruiría | instruirías | instruiría | instruiríamos | instruiríais | instruirían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | instruya | instruyastú instruyásvos2 | instruya | instruyamos | instruyáis | instruyan | |
| imperfect (ra) | instruyera | instruyeras | instruyera | instruyéramos | instruyerais | instruyeran | |
| imperfect (se) | instruyese | instruyeses | instruyese | instruyésemos | instruyeseis | instruyesen | |
| future1 | instruyere | instruyeres | instruyere | instruyéremos | instruyereis | instruyeren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | instruyetú instruívos | instruya | instruyamos | instruid | instruyan | ||
| negative | no instruyas | no instruya | no instruyamos | no instruyáis | no instruyan | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of instruir
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive instruir | |||||||
| dative | instruirme | instruirte | instruirle, instruirse | instruirnos | instruiros | instruirles, instruirse | |
| accusative | instruirme | instruirte | instruirlo, instruirla, instruirse | instruirnos | instruiros | instruirlos, instruirlas, instruirse | |
| with gerund instruyendo | |||||||
| dative | instruyéndome | instruyéndote | instruyéndole, instruyéndose | instruyéndonos | instruyéndoos | instruyéndoles, instruyéndose | |
| accusative | instruyéndome | instruyéndote | instruyéndolo, instruyéndola, instruyéndose | instruyéndonos | instruyéndoos | instruyéndolos, instruyéndolas, instruyéndose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative instruye | |||||||
| dative | instrúyeme | instrúyete | instrúyele | instrúyenos | not used | instrúyeles | |
| accusative | instrúyeme | instrúyete | instrúyelo, instrúyela | instrúyenos | not used | instrúyelos, instrúyelas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative instruí | |||||||
| dative | instruime | instruite | instruile | instruinos | not used | instruiles | |
| accusative | instruime | instruite | instruilo, instruila | instruinos | not used | instruilos, instruilas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative instruya | |||||||
| dative | instrúyame | not used | instrúyale, instrúyase | instrúyanos | not used | instrúyales | |
| accusative | instrúyame | not used | instrúyalo, instrúyala, instrúyase | instrúyanos | not used | instrúyalos, instrúyalas | |
| with first-person plural imperative instruyamos | |||||||
| dative | not used | instruyámoste | instruyámosle | instruyámonos | instruyámoos | instruyámosles | |
| accusative | not used | instruyámoste | instruyámoslo, instruyámosla | instruyámonos | instruyámoos | instruyámoslos, instruyámoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative instruid | |||||||
| dative | instruidme | not used | instruidle | instruidnos | instruíos | instruidles | |
| accusative | instruidme | not used | instruidlo, instruidla | instruidnos | instruíos | instruidlos, instruidlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative instruyan | |||||||
| dative | instrúyanme | not used | instrúyanle | instrúyannos | not used | instrúyanles, instrúyanse | |
| accusative | instrúyanme | not used | instrúyanlo, instrúyanla | instrúyannos | not used | instrúyanlos, instrúyanlas, instrúyanse | |
Related terms
- instrucción
- instructivo
- instructor
Further reading
- “instruir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014