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单词 aberration
释义

aberration

See also: Aberration

English

Etymology

A learned borrowing from Latin aberrātiō (“relief, diversion”), first attested in 1594 [1], from aberrō (“wander away, go astray”), from ab (“away”) + errō (“wander”)[2]. Compare French aberration. Equivalent to aberrate +‎ -ion.

Pronunciation

  • (US) IPA(key): /ˌæb.əˈɹeɪ.ʃn̩/
  • Audio (US)(file)

Noun

aberration (countable and uncountable, plural aberrations)

  1. The act of wandering; deviation from truth, moral rectitude; abnormal; divergence from the straight, correct, proper, normal, or from the natural state. [Late 16th century.][3]
    the aberration of youth
    aberrations from theory
    aberration of character
    • 1961 December, “Talking of Trains: Derailment near Laindon”, in Trains Illustrated, page 717:
      A derailment which occurred on April 18 last between Laindon and Pitsea on the London Tilbury & Southend Line was caused by a lengthman who in a moment of aberration clipped a set of spring catch points in the derailing position, concludes Col. J. R. H. Robertson in his report [...].
  2. (optics) The convergence to different foci, by a lens or mirror, of rays of light emanating from one and the same point, or the deviation of such rays from a single focus; a defect in a focusing mechanism that prevents the intended focal point. [Mid 18th century.][3]
  3. (astronomy) A small periodical change of the apparent positions of the stars and other heavenly bodies, due to the combined effect of the motion of light and the motion of the observer. [Mid 18th century.][3]
    1. (astronomy, by extension) The tendency of light rays to preferentially strike the leading face of a moving object (the effect underlying the above phenomenon).
  4. A partial alienation of reason. [Early 19th century.][3]
    • 1819, John Lingard, The History of England, From the First Invasion by the Romans to the Accession of Henry VIII:
      Occasional aberrations of intellect
    • 1828, Isaac Taylor, The balance of criminality:
      We see indeed the aberrations of unruly appetite
  5. A mental disorder, especially one of a minor or temporary character. [Early 19th century.][3]
  6. (zoology, botany) A typical development or structure; deviation from the normal type; an aberrant organ. [Mid 19th century.][3]
  7. (medicine) A deviation of a tissue, organ or mental functions from what is considered to be within the normal range.
  8. (electronics) A defect in an image produced by an optical or electrostatic lens system.[4]

Derived terms

  • aberratic
  • aberrational
  • aberrationless
  • aberration of light
  • annual aberration
  • chromatic aberration
  • crown of aberration
  • diopteric aberration
  • diurnal aberration
  • lateral aberration
  • longitudinal aberration
  • mental aberration
  • planetary aberration
  • spherical aberration
English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁ers-‎ (0 c, 7 e)

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

References

  1. Aberration at Dictionary.com
  2. Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2
  3. Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief; William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “aberration”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 4.
  4. Penguin Dictionary of Electronics, Fourth Edition, 2005. Penguin Books: London.

French

Etymology

From Latin aberrationem, aberratio.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /a.bɛ.ʁa.sjɔ̃/, /a.be.ʁa.sjɔ̃/
  • Audio(file)

Noun

aberration f (plural aberrations)

  1. aberration
  2. the state of being aberrant
  3. (astronomy) aberration
  4. (optics) aberration
  5. (physiology) aberration or mutation
  • aberrer

Further reading

  • “aberration”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

  • abornerait, arboraient
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