infirmus
Latin
Alternative forms
- īnfirmis (post-classical)
Etymology
From in- (“not”) + firmus (“strong, firm”), from Proto-Italic *en- from Proto-Indo-European *n̥- (“not”) + Proto-Italic *fermos from root Proto-Indo-European *dʰer- (“to hold, support”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /inˈfir.mus/, [ĩːˈfɪrmʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈfir.mus/, [iɱˈfirmus]
Adjective
īnfirmus (feminine īnfirma, neuter īnfirmum, comparative īnfirmior, superlative īnfirmissimus, adverb īnfirmiter); first/second-declension adjective
- weak, feeble
- Synonyms: dēbilis, impotēns, invalidus, aeger, fessus, mollis, tenuis, frāctus, languidus, valētūdinārius
- Antonyms: constans, dūrus, firmus, fortis, potēns, valens, validus
- unhealthy, infirm, indisposed, sick
- Synonyms: īnsānus, insalūbris, fessus, aeger, languidus, miser, valētūdinārius
- Antonyms: salvus, sānus, salūber, salūtāris, valēns, validus
- inconclusive
Declension
First/second-declension adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | īnfirmus | īnfirma | īnfirmum | īnfirmī | īnfirmae | īnfirma | |
| Genitive | īnfirmī | īnfirmae | īnfirmī | īnfirmōrum | īnfirmārum | īnfirmōrum | |
| Dative | īnfirmō | īnfirmō | īnfirmīs | ||||
| Accusative | īnfirmum | īnfirmam | īnfirmum | īnfirmōs | īnfirmās | īnfirma | |
| Ablative | īnfirmō | īnfirmā | īnfirmō | īnfirmīs | |||
| Vocative | īnfirme | īnfirma | īnfirmum | īnfirmī | īnfirmae | īnfirma | |
Related terms
- īnfirmitās
Descendants
- Italo-Romance:
- Italian: infermo
- Sicilian: infirmu
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Bourguignon: éfierme
- Franc-Comtois: infierme
- Old Franco-Provençal: enferm
- Old French: enferm, enferme
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Old Catalan: enferm
- Old Occitan: eferm, enferm
- Ibero-Romance:
- Asturian: enfermu
- Mirandese: anfermo
- Mozarabic: أنفرم (anfərmə)
- Old Portuguese: enfermo
- Galician: enfermo
- Portuguese: enfermo
- Spanish: enfermo
- Borrowings:
- → English: infirm
- → French: infirme
- → Italian: infirmo
References
- “infirmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “infirmus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- infirmus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 814
- infirmus in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918) Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, volume 2, 8th edition, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 243
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “ĭnfĭrmus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 670