infero
Esperanto
Etymology
From Latin īnferus.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- IPA(key): [inˈfero]
- Rhymes: -ero
- Hyphenation: in‧fe‧ro
Noun
infero (accusative singular inferon, plural inferoj, accusative plural inferojn)
- hell (place where damned souls are eternally punished)
- 1908, Zamenhof, L. L., La rabistoj: dramo en kvin aktoj, Paris: Hachette, translation of Die Räuber by Friedrich Schiller, page 10:
- Pli bone estas iri seninfana en la ĉielon, ol se ambaŭ, la patro kaj la filo, iras en la inferon.
- It's better to go childless into heaven, than if both, the father and the son, go into hell.
- Antonym: ĉielo (“heaven”)
-
Italian
Etymology
From Latin īnferus (“low”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *n̥dʰér.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈin.fe.ro/
- Rhymes: -infero
- Hyphenation: ìn‧fe‧ro
Adjective
infero (feminine infera, masculine plural inferi, feminine plural infere)
- (literary) low, deep
- Synonym: imo
- (figurative, rare) underworldly, infernal, chthonian
- Synonyms: ctonio, infernale, ipogeo
- (botany) inferior (of an ovary)
Related terms
- imo
- inferiore
- infimo
Anagrams
- Noferi, ferino
Latin
Etymology
From in- (“in, at, on; into”) + ferō (“bear, carry; suffer”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈin.fe.roː/, [ˈĩːfɛroː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈin.fe.ro/, [ˈiɱfero]
Verb
īnferō (present infinitive īnferre, perfect active intulī, supine illātum); third conjugation, irregular
- I carry, bring, put, place, or throw in, into, to, or upon somewhere or something; insert.
- Synonyms: īnserō, īnsertō, intrōferō, immittō, intrōdūcō, invehō, implicō
- Antonyms: excipiō, ēiciō, extrahō
- I bring forward, introduce, produce, cause, occasion, inspire.
- I set fire to; offer, sacrifice, render.
- I bury, bring to a place for burial, inter.
- (of a tribute or tax) I pay, furnish.
- (military) I advance, march, move forward.
- Synonyms: prōgredior, prōdeō, prōcēdō, eō, pergō, prŏficīscor, obeō, occurrō, adeō, subeō, gradior, vādō
- (military) I bear the standards against the enemy, attack, make an attack upon; wage war on.
- Gigantes bellum dis intulerunt ― The giants waged war against the gods (Cicero)
- Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita I, 2:
- Aeneae Latinoque bellum intulerat
- He waged war against the Aeneas and Latinus
- Aeneae Latinoque bellum intulerat
- (figuratively) I bring forward, introduce; produce, occasion, make; conclude; import.
- (figuratively, with dative) I cause, inflict, impose.
- Synonyms: indō, pariō, offerō, ēdō, importō, addūcō, afferō, efficiō, iniciō
- I conclude, infer, draw an inference
- Synonym: dēdūcō
Conjugation
| Conjugation of īnferō (third conjugation, irregular, suppletive) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | īnferō | īnfers | īnfert | īnferimus | īnfertis | īnferunt |
| imperfect | īnferēbam | īnferēbās | īnferēbat | īnferēbāmus | īnferēbātis | īnferēbant | |
| future | īnferam | īnferēs | īnferet | īnferēmus | īnferētis | īnferent | |
| perfect | intulī | intulistī | intulit | intulimus | intulistis | intulērunt, intulēre | |
| pluperfect | intuleram | intulerās | intulerat | intulerāmus | intulerātis | intulerant | |
| future perfect | intulerō | intuleris | intulerit | intulerimus | intuleritis | intulerint | |
| passive | present | īnferor | īnferris, īnferre | īnfertur | īnferimur | īnferiminī | īnferuntur |
| imperfect | īnferēbar | īnferēbāris, īnferēbāre | īnferēbātur | īnferēbāmur | īnferēbāminī | īnferēbantur | |
| future | īnferar | īnferēris, īnferēre | īnferētur | īnferēmur | īnferēminī | īnferentur | |
| perfect | illātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | illātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | illātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | īnferam | īnferās | īnferat | īnferāmus | īnferātis | īnferant |
| imperfect | īnferrem | īnferrēs | īnferret | īnferrēmus | īnferrētis | īnferrent | |
| perfect | intulerim | intulerīs | intulerit | intulerīmus | intulerītis | intulerint | |
| pluperfect | intulissem | intulissēs | intulisset | intulissēmus | intulissētis | intulissent | |
| passive | present | īnferar | īnferāris, īnferāre | īnferātur | īnferāmur | īnferāminī | īnferantur |
| imperfect | īnferrer | īnferrēris, īnferrēre | īnferrētur | īnferrēmur | īnferrēminī | īnferrentur | |
| perfect | illātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | illātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | īnfer | — | — | īnferte | — |
| future | — | īnfertō | īnfertō | — | īnfertōte | īnferuntō | |
| passive | present | — | īnferre | — | — | īnferiminī | — |
| future | — | īnfertor | īnfertor | — | — | īnferuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | īnferre | intulisse | illātūrum esse | īnferrī | illātum esse | illātum īrī | |
| participles | īnferēns | — | illātūrus | — | illātus | īnferendus, īnferundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| īnferendī | īnferendō | īnferendum | īnferendō | illātum | illātū | ||
Derived terms
- illātiō
- illātīvus
- illātus
- īnferibilis (New Latin)
Related terms
Related terms
- adferō / afferō
- auferō
- circumferō
- cōnferō
- dēferō
- differō
- efferō
- ferō
- interferō
- intrōferō
- offerō
- perferō
- postferō
- praeferō
- praeterferor
- prōferō
- referō
- sufferō
- trānsferō
Descendants
- → Catalan: inferir
- → English: infer
- → French: inférer
- → Italian: inferire
- → Portuguese: inferir
- → Spanish: inferir
References
- “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “infero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- infero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to set fire to houses: ignem tectis inferre, subicere
- to lay violent hands on a person: manus inicere, inferre, afferre alicui
- to bring mishap, ruin on a person: calamitatem, pestem inferre alicui
- to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
- to do harm to, injure any one: damnum inferre, afferre alicui
- to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamiam alicui inferre, aspergere
- to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere
- to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
- to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
- to turn the conversation on to a certain subject: sermonem inferre de aliqua re
- to invade: bellum inferre alicui (Att. 9. 1. 3)
- to be the aggressor in a war; to act on the offensive: bellum or arma ultro inferre
- to set fire to the siege-works: ignem inferre operibus (B. C. 2. 14)
- to march on the enemy: gradum inferre in hostem
- to attack the enemy: signa inferre in hostem
- to inflict a defeat on the enemy: cladem hostibus afferre, inferre
- to set fire to houses: ignem tectis inferre, subicere