incumbo
Latin
Etymology
From incubō ; cf. also accumbō, concumbō, decumbō, succumbō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /inˈkum.boː/, [ɪŋˈkʊmboː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈkum.bo/, [iŋˈkumbo]
Verb
incumbō (present infinitive incumbere, perfect active incumbuī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem
- I lay oneself upon; I lean or recline on something.
- Synonym: immineō
- I press down on, fall upon (e.g. one's sword)
- Ferro incumbere.
- Gladio incumbere.
- In gladium incumbere.
- To fall on his sword.
Usage notes
- Constructed with in ("in"), ad ("to", "towards", "on"), super ("upon") or the dative, also with the accusative.
- Incumbere in parietem.
- To lean on a wall.
- Incumbere in parietem.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of incumbō (third conjugation, no supine stem, active only) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | incumbō | incumbis | incumbit | incumbimus | incumbitis | incumbunt |
| imperfect | incumbēbam | incumbēbās | incumbēbat | incumbēbāmus | incumbēbātis | incumbēbant | |
| future | incumbam | incumbēs | incumbet | incumbēmus | incumbētis | incumbent | |
| perfect | incumbuī | incumbuistī | incumbuit | incumbuimus | incumbuistis | incumbuērunt, incumbuēre | |
| pluperfect | incumbueram | incumbuerās | incumbuerat | incumbuerāmus | incumbuerātis | incumbuerant | |
| future perfect | incumbuerō | incumbueris | incumbuerit | incumbuerimus | incumbueritis | incumbuerint | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | incumbam | incumbās | incumbat | incumbāmus | incumbātis | incumbant |
| imperfect | incumberem | incumberēs | incumberet | incumberēmus | incumberētis | incumberent | |
| perfect | incumbuerim | incumbuerīs | incumbuerit | incumbuerīmus | incumbuerītis | incumbuerint | |
| pluperfect | incumbuissem | incumbuissēs | incumbuisset | incumbuissēmus | incumbuissētis | incumbuissent | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | incumbe | — | — | incumbite | — |
| future | — | incumbitō | incumbitō | — | incumbitōte | incumbuntō | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | incumbere | incumbuisse | — | — | — | — | |
| participles | incumbēns | — | — | — | — | — | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| incumbendī | incumbendō | incumbendum | incumbendō | — | — | ||
Derived terms
- incumbēns
Descendants
- French: incomber
- Italian: incombere
- Spanish: incumbir
References
- “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “incumbo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- incumbo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
- to devote one's every thought to the state's welfare: in rem publicam omni cogitatione curaque incumbere (Fam. 10. 1. 2)
- to carry on a war energetically: omni studio in (ad) bellum incumbere
- to be energetic about, throw one's heart into a thing: incumbere in (ad) aliquid
Portuguese
Verb
incumbo
- first-person singular present indicative of incumbir
Spanish
Verb
incumbo
- first-person singular present indicative of incumbir