incendo
Latin
Etymology
From in- (“in”) + *cendō < candeō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /inˈken.doː/, [ɪŋˈkɛn̪d̪oː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /inˈt͡ʃen.do/, [in̠ʲˈt͡ʃɛn̪d̪o]
Verb
incendō (present infinitive incendere, perfect active incendī, supine incēnsum); third conjugation
- (transitive) I set on fire, burn, kindle.
- Synonyms: ūrō, īnflammō, flammō, accendō, ārdeō, cremō, adoleō
- c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Virgil, Georgicon 4.264:
- hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores
- Then I would urge you to burn fragrant resin of galbanum
- hic iam galbaneos suadebo incendere odores
- (transitive) I heat, make hot, scorch.
- (transitive) I light up with fire, make a fire upon.
- (transitive) I make bright or shining, light up, brighten; adorn.
- Synonyms: lūstrō, clārō
- (transitive, figuratively) I set on fire, excite, rouse, incite; incense, irritate.
- Synonyms: excitō, īnstīgō, īnstinguō, exciō, irrītō, stimulō, percieō, concieō, cieō, concitō, urgeō, impellō, īnflammō, moveō, mōlior, adhortor, sollicitō, ērigō
- Antonyms: domō, lēniō, sōpiō, sēdō, dēlēniō, plācō, restinguō, coerceō, mītigō, commītigō, ēlevō, levō, allevō, alleviō
- (transitive, figuratively) I enhance, raise, intensify.
- Synonyms: ērigō, augeō
- (transitive, figuratively) I ruin, destroy, lay waste.
- Synonyms: ruīnō, dēvāstō, ēvāstō, vāstō, aboleō, occīdō, prōflīgō, dēstruō, exscindō, impellō, accīdō, tollō, dīruō, sepeliō, populor, interimō, perimō, trucīdō
Conjugation
Conjugation of incendō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | incendō | incendis | incendit | incendimus | incenditis | incendunt |
imperfect | incendēbam | incendēbās | incendēbat | incendēbāmus | incendēbātis | incendēbant | |
future | incendam | incendēs | incendet | incendēmus | incendētis | incendent | |
perfect | incendī | incendistī | incendit | incendimus | incendistis | incendērunt, incendēre | |
pluperfect | incenderam | incenderās | incenderat | incenderāmus | incenderātis | incenderant | |
future perfect | incenderō | incenderis | incenderit | incenderimus | incenderitis | incenderint | |
sigmatic future1 | incēnsō | incēnsis | incēnsit | incēnsimus | incēnsitis | incēnsint | |
passive | present | incendor | incenderis, incendere | incenditur | incendimur | incendiminī | incenduntur |
imperfect | incendēbar | incendēbāris, incendēbāre | incendēbātur | incendēbāmur | incendēbāminī | incendēbantur | |
future | incendar | incendēris, incendēre | incendētur | incendēmur | incendēminī | incendentur | |
perfect | incēnsus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | incēnsus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | incēnsus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | incendam | incendās | incendat | incendāmus | incendātis | incendant |
imperfect | incenderem | incenderēs | incenderet | incenderēmus | incenderētis | incenderent | |
perfect | incenderim | incenderīs | incenderit | incenderīmus | incenderītis | incenderint | |
pluperfect | incendissem | incendissēs | incendisset | incendissēmus | incendissētis | incendissent | |
sigmatic aorist1 | incēnsim | incēnsīs | incēnsīt | incēnsīmus | incēnsītis | incēnsint | |
passive | present | incendar | incendāris, incendāre | incendātur | incendāmur | incendāminī | incendantur |
imperfect | incenderer | incenderēris, incenderēre | incenderētur | incenderēmur | incenderēminī | incenderentur | |
perfect | incēnsus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | incēnsus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | incende | — | — | incendite | — |
future | — | incenditō | incenditō | — | incenditōte | incenduntō | |
passive | present | — | incendere | — | — | incendiminī | — |
future | — | incenditor | incenditor | — | — | incenduntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | incendere | incendisse | incēnsūrum esse | incendī | incēnsum esse | incēnsum īrī | |
participles | incendēns | — | incēnsūrus | — | incēnsus | incendendus, incendundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
incendendī | incendendō | incendendum | incendendō | incēnsum | incēnsū |
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Derived terms
- incendefaciō
- incendium
- incēnsiō
- incēnsor
- incēnsum
- incēnsus
- superincendō
Related terms
- incendiālis
- incendiārius
- incendiōsus
Descendants
- Asturian: encender
- Catalan: encendre
- English: incense, incendiary
- Italian: incendere, incendiare
- Occitan: encénder, encendre
- Portuguese: encender, encandear, incendiar, incender
- Romanian: încinge, încinde
- Spanish: encender, incendiar.
References
- “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “incendo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- incendo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia
- to make some one enthusiastic for a thing: studio alicuius rei aliquem incendere
- to become furious: furore inflammari, incendi
- to fire a town: oppidum incendere
- to set buildings on fire: accendere, incendere aedificia