alius
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *aljos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élyos, from *h₂el- (“beyond, other”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἄλλος (állos) (Modern Greek άλλος (állos)), αἶλος (aîlos) (Arcadocypriot), Old Armenian այլ (ayl), Proto-Celtic *alyos, Proto-Germanic *aljaz (Modern English else). Other forms from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- include Latin ille, uls.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈälʲiʊs̠]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈa.li.us/, [ˈäːlius]
Adjective
alius (feminine alia, neuter aliud); first/second-declension adjective (pronominal)
- other, another, any other
- else
- different
Usage notes
- When used in pairs, alius...alius may function like English one...another.
- When used in pairs, aliī...aliī may function like English some...others.
- In an affirmative sentence, when alius is followed by an ablative, it conjointly means "other than" typically. In a negative sentence with an ablative, it would typically mean "nothing else but" or "nothing other than".
- Alius can also mean "different" when the word is written twice with the second alius being in the ablative case, e.g. "alius aliō"
Declension
Irregular declension. Regular genitive singular, alīus, is rare, being normally supplied by alterīus, the genitive of alter, instead.
First/second-declension adjective (pronominal).
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | alius | alia | aliud | aliī | aliae | alia | |
| Genitive | alterīus | aliōrum | aliārum | aliōrum | |||
| Dative | aliī | aliīs | |||||
| Accusative | alium | aliam | aliud | aliōs | aliās | alia | |
| Ablative | aliō | aliā | aliō | aliīs | |||
| Vocative | alie | alia | aliud | aliī | aliae | alia | |
A contracted form of the neuter nominative/accusative singular, alid, was used by Catullus and Lucretius.
Derived terms
- aliā
- aliās
- alicubi
- aliēnus
- aliō
- aliōquī
- aliōrsum
- aliter
Related terms
Latin correlatives (edit)
| type | interrogative | indefinite | (medial) demonstrative | proximal demonstrative | distal demonstrative | relative | indefinite relative | identity | other |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| basic | quis, quī | quis, quī, quīdam, aliquis, aliquī, quisque, quisquam, aliquisquam, quispiam, ūllus | is, iste, istic | hic | ille, illic | quī | quisquis, quīcumque | ipse, īdem | alter, alius |
| dual | uter | alteruter, uterque | uter | utercumque | |||||
| number | quot | aliquot | tot | quot | quotquot, quotcumque | totidem | |||
| order | quotus | totus | quotus | quotuscumque | |||||
| quantity | quam | aliquam | tam | quam | †quamquam | †tamen, †tandem | |||
| size | quantus | aliquantus | tantus | quantus | quantuscumque | tantusdem | |||
| quality | quālis | aliquālis | tālis | quālis | quālis, quāliscumque | ||||
| manner | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utique, quī, quōdam modō, aliquō modō | ita, sic, eō/istō modō | hōc modō | illō modō | ut, quī, quō modō, quōmodo, quemadmodum | utut, utcumque, quōmodocumque | item, itidem | aliter, aliōquī, alterō/aliō modō |
| method, path, place | quā | aliquā, quāque | eā, istāc | hāc | illāc | quā | quāquā, quācumque | eādem | aliā |
| place | ubi | alicubi, ubique, usquam, uspiam | ibi, istic | hīc | illīc | ubi | ubiubi, ubicumque | ibidem | alibī, aliās |
| source | unde | alicunde, undeunde | inde, istinc | hinc | illinc | unde | undecumque | indidem | aliunde |
| destination | quō, quōrsum | aliquō, quōquam, quōpiam, °aliquōvorsum | eō, istūc, °istōrsum | hūc, °hōrsum | illūc, °illōrsum | quō | quōquō, quōcumque | eōdem | aliō, aliorsum |
| time | quandō | quondam, aliquandō, quandōque, umquam | tum, tunc | num, nunc | ōlim | cum, quandō | cumque, quandōcumque, quandōque | simul | aliās |
| exact time | quota hōra | ea/ista hōra | hac hōra | illa hōra | quota hōra | quotacumque hōra | eadem hōra | altera/alia hōra | |
| repetition | quotiēns | aliquotiēns | totiēns | quotiēns | quotiēnscumque | ||||
| multiplication | quotuplex | totuplex | quotuplex | ||||||
| † Turned conjunction with original meaning somewhat dissimulated ° Rare | |||||||||
Descendants
- Asturian: ál
- Galician: al (archaic)
- Portuguese: al
- Old Spanish: ál
See also
- et aliī
References
- “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “alius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- alius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
- concatenation, interdependence of causes: rerum causae aliae ex aliis nexae
- (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
- to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
- (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
- to think one thing, say another; to conceal one's opinions: aliter sentire ac loqui (aliud sentire, aliud loqui)
- (ambiguous) to be inattentive: alias res or aliud agere
- (ambiguous) he is a young man of great promise: adulescens alios bene de se sperare iubet, bonam spem ostendit or alii de adulescente bene sperare possunt
- (ambiguous) to turn the conversation to another topic: sermonem alio transferre
- (ambiguous) to transfer the seat of war elsewhere: bellum transferre alio, in...
- (ambiguous) more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
- to put off till another time; to postpone: aliquid in aliud tempus, in posterum differre
- alius in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700, pre-publication website, 2005-2016