-ik
See also: ik, Ik, IK, ik', ik-, and -ík
Abenaki
Suffix
-ik
- A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.
Usage notes
- Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
- See the usage notes at -ak.
Azerbaijani
Suffix
| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
| postconsonantal | -ıq | -ik | -uq | -ük |
| postvocalic | -yıq | -yik | -yuq | -yük |
-ik
- First-person plural present simple copula
- [we] are
Basque
Alternative forms
- -rik (after vowels)
Suffix
-ik
- Partitive suffix.
- etxe (“house”) + -ik → etxerik (“any house?”)
- Adverbial suffix, -ly
- poz (“joy”) + -ik → pozik (“happy, happily”)
Declension
| Basque inflectional suffixes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | singular | plural | proximal plural | ||
| absolutive | -∅ | -a | -ak | -ok | |
| ergative | -k, -ek | -ak | -ek | ||
| dative | -ri, -i | -ari | -ei | -oi | |
| genitive | -ren, -en | -aren | -en | -on | |
| comitative | -rekin, -ekin | -arekin | -ekin | -okin | |
| causative | -rengatik, -engatik | -arengatik | -engatik | -ongatik | |
| benefactive | -rentzat, -entzat | -arentzat | -entzat | -ontzat | |
| instrumental | -z, -ez | -az | -ez | -oz | |
| inessive | anim. | -rengan, -engan | -arengan | -engan | -oengan |
| inanim. | -tan, -etan | -an | -etan | -otan | |
| locative | anim. | ― | ― | ― | ― |
| inanim. | -tako, -etako | -ko, -eko | -etako | -otako | |
| allative | anim. | -rengana, -engana | -arengana | -engana | -ongana |
| inanim. | -tara, -etara | -ra, -era | -etara | -otara | |
| terminative | anim. | -renganaino, -enganaino | -arenganaino | -enganaino | -onganaino |
| inanim. | -taraino, -etaraino | -raino, -eraino | -etaraino | -otaraino | |
| directive | anim. | -renganantz, -enganantz | -arenganantz | -enganantz | -onganantz |
| inanim. | -tarantz, -etarantz | -rantz, -erantz | -etarantz | -otarantz | |
| destinative | anim. | -renganako, -enganako | -arenganako | -enganako | -onganako |
| inanim. | -tarako, -etarako | -rako, -erako | -etarako | -otarako | |
| ablative | anim. | -rengandik, -engandik | -arengandik | -engandik | -ongandik |
| inanim. | -tatik, -etatik | -tik, -etik | -etik | -otik | |
| partitive | -rik, -ik | ― | ― | ― | |
| prolative | -tzat | ― | ― | ― | |
| The forms shown first are used when the ending is a vowel, the ones after the comma when it is a consonant. | |||||
Derived terms
Basque terms suffixed with -ik
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.
Suffix
-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)
- Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
- kaks (“two”) → kaksik (“twin, group of two”)
- kolm (“three”) → kolmik (“triplet, group of three”)
- neli (“four”) → nelik (“quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four”)
Declension
Inflection of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -ikud |
| accusative | -iku | -ikud |
| genitive | -iku | -ikute |
| partitive | -ikut | -ikuid |
| illative | -ikusse | -ikutesse -ikuisse |
| inessive | -ikus | -ikutes -ikuis |
| elative | -ikust | -ikutest -ikuist |
| allative | -ikule | -ikutele -ikuile |
| adessive | -ikul | -ikutel -ikuil |
| ablative | -ikult | -ikutelt -ikuilt |
| translative | -ikuks | -ikuteks -ikuiks |
| terminative | -ikuni | -ikuteni |
| essive | -ikuna | -ikutena |
| abessive | -ikuta | -ikuteta |
| comitative | -ikuga | -ikutega |
Derived terms
Estonian terms suffixed with -ik
German
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /-ɪk/
Audio (file)
Suffix
-ik
- forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
- forms feminine collective nouns
- forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics
Derived terms
German terms suffixed with -ik
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ik]
- Rhymes: -ik
Etymology 1
Adjective suffix.
Suffix
-ik
- (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix. Specifies which one of a specific set of things/persons. Used with adjectives. See usage notes below.
- rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)
- más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)
- A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).
Usage notes
- (adjective-forming suffix) The -ik creates a determining or specifying adjective from a comparative adjective so it will answer the question melyik? (“which?”). In a few cases it takes not a comparative but a positive adjective, which already incorporates the idea of comparison (e.g. más (“different”)). It is very often used with a definite article (a/az (“the”)).
Derived terms
Hungarian adjectives suffixed with -ik
Hungarian pronouns suffixed with -ik
Etymology 2
Possessive suffix.
Suffix
-ik
- possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
- their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
- kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
- érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
- (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
- kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
- érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)
- their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
Usage notes
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
- -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
Etymology 3
Personal suffix.
Suffix
-ik
- (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
- Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
- (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
- Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják
- Megnézik a filmet. ― They will see the movie. [from megnéz (“to look at, to see”), indicating a definite object, here required by a (“the”)]
Usage notes
The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.
Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Present tense definite – personal endings
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular | -ja | -i | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural | -ják | -ik | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Derived terms
Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ik
See also
- Category:Hungarian verbs ending in -ik
- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Indonesian
Etymology
From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.
Suffix
-ik
- -ic.
- analitik ― analytic
Usage notes
The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.
Derived terms
Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found
Related terms
- -ikal
- -is
- -at
Middle English
Suffix
-ik
- Alternative form of -y
Etymology 2
From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.
Alternative forms
- -ike, -ique, -ic, -ice
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iːk/, /ik/
Suffix
-ik
- Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.
Derived terms
Middle English terms suffixed with -ik
Descendants
- English: -ic
References
- “-ī̆k, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ
Suffix
-ik
- Forms nouns, often diminutive.
Derived terms
Old Polish terms suffixed with -ik
Descendants
- Polish: -ik
Polish
Alternative forms
- -yk
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ik/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ik
- Syllabification: ik
Suffix
-ik m
- Forms nouns, often diminutive.
- słodki + -ik → słodzik
Declension
(personal nouns)
Declension of -ik
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -icy |
| genitive | -ika | -ików |
| dative | -ikowi | -ikom |
| accusative | -ika | -ików |
| instrumental | -ikiem | -ikami |
| locative | -iku | -ikach |
| vocative | -iku | -icy |
(other nouns)
Declension of -ik
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -iki |
| genitive | -ika | -ików |
| dative | -ikowi | -ikom |
| accusative | -ik | -iki |
| instrumental | -ikiem | -ikami |
| locative | -iku | -ikach |
| vocative | -iku | -iki |
Derived terms
Polish terms suffixed with -ik
Further reading
- -ik in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
Suffix
-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.
See also
- -nik
- -enik
- -ovnik
- -evnik
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ik]
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
Suffix
-ik m
- Alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong.
- vták + -ik → vtáčik
- hriešny + -ik → hriešnik
Related terms
- -ík
- -ník ~ -nik
- -íčka ~ -ička
Etymology 2
From Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).
Suffix
-ik m
- Fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
- akadémia + -ik → akademik
Related terms
- -ička
Declension
- Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
Declension of -ik
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -iky |
| genitive | -ika | -ikov |
| dative | -iku | -ikom |
| accusative | -ik | -iky |
| locative | -iku | -ikoch |
| instrumental | -ikom | -ikmi |
- Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:
Declension of -ik
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -ici |
| genitive | -ika | -ikov |
| dative | -ikovi | -ikom |
| accusative | -ika | -ikov |
| locative | -ikovi | -ikoch |
| instrumental | -ikom | -ikmi |
Further reading
- Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
- -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
Turkish
| preceding vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
| -ık | -ik | -uk | -ük |
Etymology 1
Front unrounded variant of -ık. From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk[1].
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ic/
Suffix
Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.
- Derives participle forms of verbs; adjectival and/or resulting state or product of the action.
- değiş- (“intransitive; to change”) + -ik → değişik (“different, varied”)
Etymology 2
From French -ique, from Latin -icus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ic/
Suffix
-ik
- -ic
- -ical
Derived terms
Turkish terms suffixed with -ik
References
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), "+Uk" - in Nişanyan Sözlük
Veps
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)Presumably related to Finnish -ko.
Particle
-ik
- Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.
Volapük
Suffix
-ik
- Used to form adjectives and determiners.