ihr

ihr

See also: Ihr and IHR

Bavarian

Etymology

Cognate with German ihr (personal and possessive pronoun).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /iɐ̯/

Pronoun

ihr

1. her (dative)
2. you (plural, nominative)

   Synonym: eß

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns

		nominative		accusative		dative
		stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed	stressed	unstressed
1st person singular		i	—	mi	—	mia (mir)	ma
2nd person singular (informal)		du	—	di	—	dia (dir)	da
2nd person singular (formal)		Sie	—	Eahna	—	Eahna	—
3rd person singular	m	er	a	eahm	'n	eahm	'n
	n	es, des	's	des	's
	f	se, de	's	se	's	ihr	—
1st person plural		mia (mir)	ma	uns	—	uns	—
2nd person plural		eß, ihr	—	enk, eich	—	enk, eich	—
3rd person plural		se	's	eahna	—	eahna	—

Pronoun

ihr (plural ihre)

1. her (possessive)

See also

Bavarian possessive pronouns

		attributive (nominative case)		independent
		singular	plural
1st person singular		mei	meine	meins
2nd person singular (informal)		dei	deine	deins
2nd person singular (formal)		Eahna	Eahnare	Eahnas
3rd person singular	m, n	sei	seine	seins
	f	ihr	ihre	ihrs
1st person plural		unsa	unsare	unsas
2nd person plural		eia	eire	eias
3rd person plural		eahna	eahnare	eahnas

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German

Alternative forms

• jr (obsolete)

Etymology 1

From Middle High German ir, from Old High German ir, from Proto-West Germanic *jiʀ, from Proto-Germanic *jīz. Cognate with Low German ji, jie, Yiddish איר‎ (ir), Dutch jij, gij, je, Middle Dutch ir, English ye, Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐍃 (jūs).

Pronunciation

• (standard) IPA^(key): /iːɐ̯/

• (file)

• Rhymes: -iːɐ̯
• (colloquially in unstressed position) IPA^(key): /ɐ/

Pronoun

ihr pl

1. you, ye (plural, familiar)

Usage notes

• This form is the plural of du, which is used chiefly towards people with whom one is privately acquainted (see there). One uses ihr towards a group of people if one would address every individual in that group with du. However, the plural ihr is somewhat less familiar than the singular du, meaning that it can sometimes be used in semi-formal situations where du towards an individual would not be appropriate. Learners should still, in any case of doubt, use Sie in order to be on the safe side.
• The form Ihr (capitalized in writing) was formerly the polite second-person form for both singular and plural (compare French vous and Early Modern English you) and was used instead of contemporary Sie. Such usage still survives dialectally in some areas, and is encountered in historical contexts (e.g. fiction taking place in the distant past), but is otherwise rarely heard in standard German.
• The genitive pronouns are very rare. They are used only in literary and formal style as a genitive object for certain adjectives, prepositions, or verbs which govern the genitive, such as entbehren and gedenken.
• In the late 18th century and in the first half of the 19th century, the genitive was also eurer instead of euer, e.g. ich erinnere mich eurer instead of ich erinnere mich euer.[1][2][3][4][5]

Declension

German personal pronouns

	singular					plural			singular and plural
	1st person	2nd person familiar1	3rd person			1st person	2nd person familiar1	3rd person	2nd person polite/formal
			m	f	n
nominative	ich	du -e2	er	sie -se2	es	wir mir3	ihr	sie -se2	Sie Ihr4
genitive	meiner mein4	deiner dein4	seiner sein4	ihrer	seiner sein4	unser	euer	ihrer	Ihrer Euer4
dative	mir	dir	ihm	ihr	ihm	uns	euch	ihnen	Ihnen Euch4
accusative	mich	dich	ihn	sie -se2	es			sie -se2	Sie Euch4

¹These forms are sometimes capitalized, especially in letters.   ²enclitic, colloquial   ³dialectal   ⁴archaic

In older language the genitive is also written ewer and the accusative and dative sometimes ewch.

Etymology 2

From Old High German iru, iro.

Pronoun

ihr

1. dative of sie

   Hast du ihr das Buch gegeben?

   Did you give her the book?

Etymology 3

From Old High German ira.

Determiner

ihr

1. her (possessive)

   Laura hat mir ihr neues Auto gezeigt.

   Laura showed me her new car.

   Die Katze spielt oft mit ihren Spielsachen.

   The cat often plays with her toys.

2. its (when the owning object/article/thing/animal etc., referred to, is feminine)

   die Sonne und ihre Wärme

   the sun and its warmth

Declension

Declension of ihr
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	ihr	ihre	ihr	ihre
genitive	ihres	ihrer	ihres	ihrer
dative	ihrem	ihrer	ihrem	ihren
accusative	ihren	ihre	ihr	ihre

Etymology 4

From Old High German iro.

Determiner

ihr

1. their

   Die Kinder spielen mit ihrem Hund.

   The kids are playing with their dog.

   die Wolken und ihre Schönheit

   the clouds and their beauty

Declension

Declension of ihr
	masculine	feminine	neuter	plural
nominative	ihr	ihre	ihr	ihre
genitive	ihres	ihrer	ihres	ihrer
dative	ihrem	ihrer	ihrem	ihren
accusative	ihren	ihre	ihr	ihre

References

1. Karl Ferdinand Becker: Schulgrammatik der deutschen Sprache. Vierte neubearbeitete Ausgabe. Frankfurt am Main, 1839, p. 143.
2. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in Götz von Berlichingen: „Götz. Ich erinnere mich eurer nicht.“
3. Shakspeare, translated by Aug. Wilh. v. Schlegel and Ludwig Tieck, in Maaß für Maaß: „Herzog. Ich erinnere mich eurer, Herr, an dem Ton eurer Stimme[.]“
4. Konrad Duden: Vollständiges Orthographisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. Sechste, verbesserte und vermehrte Auflage. Leipzig and Wien, 1900, p. 102: „euer (Genitiv von ihr); euer (nicht: eurer) sind drei; ich erinnere mich euer (nicht: eurer)“
5. Wahrig: Die deutsche Rechtschreibung. Band 1: A–K. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut, 2007, p. 529: „ich gedenke euer, ich erinnere mich euer (falsch: eurer)“

Further reading

• “ihr” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “ihr, sie, ihre” in Duden online
• “ihr, Anrede, 2. Person” in Duden online
• “ihr, sie, wem” in Duden online
• “ihr, sie, wessen” in Duden online