-igo
Ido
Suffix
-igo
- Suffix added (1) to an adjective or noun to form a transitive verb denoting: to make, render or transform into; (2.1) to an intransitive verb to give it an active sense; (2.2) to a transitive verb, to give a passive sense (i.e. igar -ata), usually followed by the preposition da.
Derived terms
Latin
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *-agāō, suffixed form of Proto-Italic *agō. Doublet of agō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /i.ɡoː/, [ɪɡoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /i.ɡo/, [iɡo] (stressed on the antepenult)
Suffix
-igō (present infinitive -igāre, perfect active -igāvī, supine -igātum); first conjugation
- Enlargement of -ō (suffix forming regular first-conjugation verbs).
- fūmus + -igō → fūmigō
- līs (oblique stem: līt-) + -igō → lītigō
- rēmus + -igō → rēmigō
- fūstis + -igō → fūstīgō (long i due to i-stem)
- nāvis + -igō → nāvigō (short i due to being from *naw-s, not an i-stem)
Conjugation
| Conjugation of -igō (first conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -igō | -igās | -igat | -igāmus | -igātis | -igant |
| imperfect | -igābam | -igābās | -igābat | -igābāmus | -igābātis | -igābant | |
| future | -igābō | -igābis | -igābit | -igābimus | -igābitis | -igābunt | |
| perfect | -igāvī | -igāvistī | -igāvit | -igāvimus | -igāvistis | -igāvērunt, -igāvēre | |
| pluperfect | -igāveram | -igāverās | -igāverat | -igāverāmus | -igāverātis | -igāverant | |
| future perfect | -igāverō | -igāveris | -igāverit | -igāverimus | -igāveritis | -igāverint | |
| sigmatic future1 | -igāssō | -igāssis | -igāssit | -igāssimus | -igāssitis | -igāssint | |
| passive | present | -igor | -igāris, -igāre | -igātur | -igāmur | -igāminī | -igantur |
| imperfect | -igābar | -igābāris, -igābāre | -igābātur | -igābāmur | -igābāminī | -igābantur | |
| future | -igābor | -igāberis, -igābere | -igābitur | -igābimur | -igābiminī | -igābuntur | |
| perfect | -igātus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -igātus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | -igātus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| sigmatic future1 | -igāssor | -igāsseris | -igāssitur | — | — | — | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | -igem | -igēs | -iget | -igēmus | -igētis | -igent |
| imperfect | -igārem | -igārēs | -igāret | -igārēmus | -igārētis | -igārent | |
| perfect | -igāverim | -igāverīs | -igāverit | -igāverīmus | -igāverītis | -igāverint | |
| pluperfect | -igāvissem | -igāvissēs | -igāvisset | -igāvissēmus | -igāvissētis | -igāvissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | -igāssim | -igāssīs | -igāssīt | -igāssīmus | -igāssītis | -igāssint | |
| passive | present | -iger | -igēris, -igēre | -igētur | -igēmur | -igēminī | -igentur |
| imperfect | -igārer | -igārēris, -igārēre | -igārētur | -igārēmur | -igārēminī | -igārentur | |
| perfect | -igātus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | -igātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | -igā | — | — | -igāte | — |
| future | — | -igātō | -igātō | — | -igātōte | -igantō | |
| passive | present | — | -igāre | — | — | -igāminī | — |
| future | — | -igātor | -igātor | — | — | -igantor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | -igāre | -igāvisse | -igātūrum esse | -igārī, -igārier2 | -igātum esse | -igātum īrī | |
| participles | -igāns | — | -igātūrus | — | -igātus | -igandus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| -igandī | -igandō | -igandum | -igandō | -igātum | -igātū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Italian: -iggine
- Sicilian: -ìnija
References
- “-igō¹” on page 825/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 2
A metanalysis of vertex + nasal suffix *-n- > *vertign- > *vertīgin- > vertīgō (“gyration, dizziness”) as vertō (“to turn”) + -īgō. Compare -ūgō (suffix forming nouns).[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈiː.ɡoː/, [ˈiːɡoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈi.ɡo/, [ˈiːɡo] (stressed on the penult)
Suffix
-īgō f (genitive -īginis); third declension
- Suffixed to nouns and to verbs, forms nouns usually denoting diseased conditions.
- impetō + -īgō → impetīgō
- prūriō + -īgō → prūrīgō
- rōbus + -īgō → rōbīgō
- scaturriō + -īgō → scaturrīgō
Declension
Third-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -īgō | -īginēs |
| Genitive | -īginis | -īginum |
| Dative | -īginī | -īginibus |
| Accusative | -īginem | -īginēs |
| Ablative | -īgine | -īginibus |
| Vocative | -īgō | -īginēs |
Derived terms
References
- Leumann, Manu; Hofmann, Johann Baptist; Szantyr, Anton (1977) Lateinische Grammatik: Lateinische Laut- und Formenlehre, CH Beck, § 325.B.4., page 369
- “-īgō²” on page 825/1 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)