iad
See also: IAD and -iad
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irish íat (“they, them”), from Old Irish é, ía (“they”) (plural of é (“he”)) with the addition of the 3rd person plural verb ending.
Cognate with Welsh hwy ~ hwynt, Breton i ~ int, with the same addition of the verb ending.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /iəd̪ˠ/
Pronoun
iad (emphatic form iadsan, disjunctive)
- they, them
See also
Irish personal pronouns
| Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) | Disjunctive (emphatic) | Possessive determiner |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | mé (mise) | mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
| Second | tú (tusa)1 | thú (thusa) | do L d' before vowel sounds | |
| Third masculine | sé (seisean) | é (eisean) | a L | |
| Third feminine | sí (sise) | í (ise) | a H | |
| Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
| Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) | ár E | |
| Second | sibh (sibhse)1 | bhur E | ||
| Third | siad (siadsan) | iad (iadsan) | a E | |
L Triggers lenition E Triggers eclipsis H Triggers h-prothesis
1 Also used as the vocative
The reflexive is formed by adding féin to the relevant pronoun: e.g. "myself" = mé féin, "yourselves" = sibh féin.Mutation
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| iad | n-iad | hiad | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “iad”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “íat”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Entries containing “iad” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “iad” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Romanian
Etymology
From Old Church Slavonic адъ (adŭ), from Ancient Greek ᾍδης (Hā́idēs). Compare Bulgarian ад (ad).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjad/
- Rhymes: -ad
- Hyphenation: iad
audio (file)
Noun
iad n (plural iaduri)
- hell
Declension
Declension of iad
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite articulation | definite articulation | indefinite articulation | definite articulation | |
| nominative/accusative | (un) iad | iadul | (niște) iaduri | iadurile |
| genitive/dative | (unui) iad | iadului | (unor) iaduri | iadurilor |
| vocative | iadule | iadurilor | ||
Synonyms
- infern, gheenă
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irish íat. Cognates include Irish iad and Manx ad.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (stressed) /ˈiə̯t̪/, (unstressed) /ət̪/
- (Northern and Eastern Highlands) IPA(key): /atʲ/ (as if spelled aid)
Pronoun
iad
- they, them
- Bha iad a' teagasg Seamus. ― They were teaching James.
Derived terms
- iad seo
- iad sin
See also
Scottish Gaelic personal pronouns
| simple | emphatic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| First person | mi | sinn | mise | sinne |
| Second person | thu, tu1) | sibh | thusa, tusa1) | sibhse |
| Third person m | e | iad | esan | iadsan |
| Third person f | i | ise | ||
| *) sibh and sibhse also act as the polite singular pronouns. **) To mark a direct object of a verbal noun, the derivatives of gam are used. 1) used when following a verb ending in -n, -s or -dh. | ||||
References
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “iad”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
Welsh
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -aːd
Noun
iad f (plural iadau)
- Crown of the head, pate; top, summit.
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| iad | unchanged | unchanged | hiad |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||