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单词 hurt
释义

hurt

See also: Hurt and húrt

English

Etymology

From Middle English hurten, hirten, hertan (“to injure, scathe, knock together”), from Old Northern French hurter ("to ram into, strike, collide with"; > Modern French heurter), perhaps from Frankish *hūrt (“a battering ram”), cognate with Welsh hwrdd (“ram”) and Cornish hordh (“ram”). Compare Proto-Germanic *hrūtaną, *hreutaną (“to fall, beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *krew- (“to fall, beat, smash, strike, break”); however, the earliest instances of the verb in Middle English are as old as those found in Old French, which leads to the possibility that the Middle English word may instead be a reflex of an unrecorded Old English *hyrtan, which later merged with the Old French verb. Germanic cognates include Dutch horten (“to push against, strike”), Middle Low German hurten (“to run at, collide with”), Middle High German hurten (“to push, bump, attack, storm, invade”), Old Norse hrútr (“battering ram”).

Alternate etymology traces Old Northern French hurter rather to Old Norse hrútr (“ram (male sheep)”), lengthened-grade variant of hjǫrtr (“stag”),[1] from Proto-Germanic *herutuz, *herutaz (“hart, male deer”), which would relate it to English hart (“male deer”). See hart.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: hû(r)t, IPA(key): /hɜːt/
  • (General American) enPR: hûrt, IPA(key): /hɝt/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)t

Verb

hurt (third-person singular simple present hurts, present participle hurting, simple past and past participle hurt)

  1. (transitive, intransitive) To cause (a person or animal) physical pain and/or injury.
    If anybody hurts my little brother, I will get upset.
    This injection might hurt a little.
  2. (transitive, intransitive) To cause (somebody) emotional pain.
    He was deeply hurt he hadn’t been invited.
    The insult hurt.
  3. (intransitive) To be painful.
    Does your leg still hurt? / It is starting to feel better.
  4. (transitive, intransitive) To damage, harm, impair, undermine, impede.
    This latest gaffe hurts the legislator’s reelection prospects still further.
    Copying and pasting identical portions of source code hurts maintainability, because the programmer has to keep all those copies synchronized.
    Every little hurts.
    • c. 1382–1395, John Wycliffe [et al.], Josiah Forshall and Frederic Madden, editors, The Holy Bible, […], volume IV (in Middle English), Oxford: At the University Press, published 1850, OCLC 459166891, Apocalypse II:11, page 643, column 1:
      He that hath eeris, here he, what the spirit seith to the chirchis. He that ouercometh, schal not be hirt of the secounde deth.
      He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death.
    • 1568, William Cornishe, “A treatise betwene Trouth, and Information”, in J[ohn] S[tow], editor, Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate, London, OCLC 54747393; republished as Pithy Pleasaunt and Profitable Workes of Maister Skelton, Poete Laureate to King Henry the VIIIth, London: Printed for C. Davis in Pater-noster Row, 1736, OCLC 731569711, page 290:
      The Harpe. […] A harper with his wreſt maye tune the harpe wrong / Mys tunying of an Inſtrument ſhal hurt a true ſonge

Synonyms

  • (to be painful): smart
  • (to cause physical pain and/or injury): wound, injure, dere

Derived terms

  • hurtle
  • hurt someone's feelings
  • what you don't know can't hurt you
  • where does it hurt
  • would it hurt
  • wouldn't hurt a fly

Translations

See also

  • ache

Adjective

hurt (comparative more hurt, superlative most hurt)

  1. Wounded, physically injured.
  2. Pained.

Synonyms

  • (wounded): imbrued, injured, wounded; see also Thesaurus:wounded
  • (pained): aching, sore, suffering

Derived terms

  • butt hurt
  • butt-hurt
  • hurt locker
  • retire hurt

Translations

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Noun

hurt (plural hurts)

  1. An emotional or psychological humiliation or bad experience.
    how to overcome old hurts of the past
    • 1996, “Three Lions”, performed by David Baddiel and Frank Skinner:
      Jules Rimet still gleaming
      Thirty years of hurt
      Never stopped me dreaming
  2. (archaic) A bodily injury causing pain; a wound or bruise.
    • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act VII, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:
      I have received a hurt.
    • 1631, Francis [Bacon], “7. Century.”, in Sylua Syluarum: Or A Naturall Historie. In Ten Centuries. […], 3rd edition, London: […] William Rawley; [p]rinted by J[ohn] H[aviland] for William Lee […], OCLC 1044372886:
      The cause is a temperate conglutination ; for both bodies are clammy and viscous , and do bridle the deflux of humours to the hurts , without penning them in too much
    • 1693, [John Locke], “§107”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], OCLC 1161614482:
      The pains of sickness and hurts […] all men feel.
  3. (archaic) Injury; damage; detriment; harm
    • 1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene ii]:
      Thou dost me yet but little hurt.
  4. (heraldry) A roundel azure (blue circular spot).
  5. (engineering) A band on a trip-hammer helve, bearing the trunnions.
  6. A husk.

Derived terms

  • in a world of hurt
  • put a hurt on
  • hurty

Translations

an injury — see injury,‎ wound

References

  1. D.Q. Adams, Encyclopeida of Indo-European Culture, s.v. "horn" (London: Fitzroy-Dearborn, 1999), 273.

Anagrams

  • Ruth, Thur, ruth, thru, thur

Chinese

Etymology

From English hurt.

Pronunciation

  • Cantonese (Jyutping): hoet1
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
      • Jyutping: hoet1
      • Yale: colloquial sounds not defined
      • Cantonese Pinyin: colloquial sounds not defined
      • Guangdong Romanization: colloquial sounds not defined
      • Sinological IPA (key): /hœːt̚⁵/

Verb

hurt

  1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) to hurt someone emotionally
    • 1996, The God of Cookery, spoken by Fortune teller (Kingdom Yuen):
      喂！搵食啫，唔使噉hurt我啊話？ [Cantonese, trad.]
      喂！揾食啫，唔使噉hurt我啊话？ [Cantonese, simp.]
      wai3! wan2 sik6 ze1, m4 sai2 gam2 hoet1 ngo5 aa1 waa2? [Jyutping]
      Hey! I'm doing this only for a living, there's no need to hurt me emotionally, isn't it?

Adjective

hurt (Hong Kong Cantonese)

  1. causing emotional hurt or damage
  2. (of person) emotionally hurt

German

Pronunciation

  • Audio(file)

Verb

hurt

  1. inflection of huren:
    1. third-person singular present
    2. second-person plural present
    3. plural imperative

Middle English

Etymology 1

Either borrowed from Old French hurt or a back-formation from hurten.

Alternative forms

  • hert, hirt, hirte, horte, hurte, hyrt

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hurt/, /hirt/

Noun

hurt (plural hurtes)

  1. Injury, harm or damage; that which is detrimental:
    1. A wound or disease; damage to one's body.
    2. Monetary loss; damage to one's finances.
    3. (law) A transgression; the act of violating.
    4. (rare) Spiritual damage.
  2. (rare) A blunder or that which causes one.
  3. (rare) Sadness, distress, confusion.
Descendants
  • English: hurt
  • Scots: hurt
References
  • “hurt, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Verb

hurt

  1. Alternative form of hurten

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German hurt.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xurt/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -urt
  • Syllabification: hurt

Noun

hurt m inan

  1. wholesale
    Coordinate term: detal

Declension

Declension of hurt
singular
nominativehurt
genitivehurtu
dativehurtowi
accusativehurt
instrumentalhurtem
locativehurcie
vocativehurcie

Derived terms

adjective
  • hurtowy
nouns
  • hurtownia
  • hurtownik

Further reading

  • hurt in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • hurt in Polish dictionaries at PWN
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