hundir
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin fundere, fundō, from Proto-Italic *hundō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰewd-. Doublet of fundir (“to cast, to melt”). Compare English found (“to cast metal”), founder (“to sink”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /unˈdiɾ/ [ũn̪ˈd̪iɾ]
Audio (Peru) (file) - Rhymes: -iɾ
- Syllabification: hun‧dir
Verb
hundir (first-person singular present hundo, first-person singular preterite hundí, past participle hundido)
- (transitive) to sink, engulf
- (transitive) to ruin, destroy
- (reflexive) to sink, sink down
- (reflexive) to collapse, cave in, subside
- (reflexive) to break down, go to pieces, fall apart
Conjugation
Conjugation of hundir (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | hundir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | hundiendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | hundido | hundida | |||||
plural | hundidos | hundidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | hundo | hundestú hundísvos | hunde | hundimos | hundís | hunden | |
imperfect | hundía | hundías | hundía | hundíamos | hundíais | hundían | |
preterite | hundí | hundiste | hundió | hundimos | hundisteis | hundieron | |
future | hundiré | hundirás | hundirá | hundiremos | hundiréis | hundirán | |
conditional | hundiría | hundirías | hundiría | hundiríamos | hundiríais | hundirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | hunda | hundastú hundásvos2 | hunda | hundamos | hundáis | hundan | |
imperfect (ra) | hundiera | hundieras | hundiera | hundiéramos | hundierais | hundieran | |
imperfect (se) | hundiese | hundieses | hundiese | hundiésemos | hundieseis | hundiesen | |
future1 | hundiere | hundieres | hundiere | hundiéremos | hundiereis | hundieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | hundetú hundívos | hunda | hundamos | hundid | hundan | ||
negative | no hundas | no hunda | no hundamos | no hundáis | no hundan |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of hundir
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive hundir | |||||||
dative | hundirme | hundirte | hundirle, hundirse | hundirnos | hundiros | hundirles, hundirse | |
accusative | hundirme | hundirte | hundirlo, hundirla, hundirse | hundirnos | hundiros | hundirlos, hundirlas, hundirse | |
with gerund hundiendo | |||||||
dative | hundiéndome | hundiéndote | hundiéndole, hundiéndose | hundiéndonos | hundiéndoos | hundiéndoles, hundiéndose | |
accusative | hundiéndome | hundiéndote | hundiéndolo, hundiéndola, hundiéndose | hundiéndonos | hundiéndoos | hundiéndolos, hundiéndolas, hundiéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative hunde | |||||||
dative | húndeme | húndete | húndele | húndenos | not used | húndeles | |
accusative | húndeme | húndete | húndelo, húndela | húndenos | not used | húndelos, húndelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative hundí | |||||||
dative | hundime | hundite | hundile | hundinos | not used | hundiles | |
accusative | hundime | hundite | hundilo, hundila | hundinos | not used | hundilos, hundilas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative hunda | |||||||
dative | húndame | not used | húndale, húndase | húndanos | not used | húndales | |
accusative | húndame | not used | húndalo, húndala, húndase | húndanos | not used | húndalos, húndalas | |
with first-person plural imperative hundamos | |||||||
dative | not used | hundámoste | hundámosle | hundámonos | hundámoos | hundámosles | |
accusative | not used | hundámoste | hundámoslo, hundámosla | hundámonos | hundámoos | hundámoslos, hundámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative hundid | |||||||
dative | hundidme | not used | hundidle | hundidnos | hundíos | hundidles | |
accusative | hundidme | not used | hundidlo, hundidla | hundidnos | hundíos | hundidlos, hundidlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative hundan | |||||||
dative | húndanme | not used | húndanle | húndannos | not used | húndanles, húndanse | |
accusative | húndanme | not used | húndanlo, húndanla | húndannos | not used | húndanlos, húndanlas, húndanse |
Derived terms
- hundible
- hundimiento
Further reading
- “hundir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014