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单词 humusha
释义

humusha

Zulu

Etymology

From a Khoe language. Related to Xhosa -khumsha (“to speak English or Afrikaans”). Compare Nama khom (“to say”). The suffix -sha is frequently applied to loaned verbs.

Verb

-humusha

  1. (transitive) to interpret, to translate
  2. (transitive) to paraphrase
  3. (transitive) to allure, to entice, to lure away
  4. (transitive) to seduce

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitiveukuhumusha
PositiveNegative
Infinitiveukuhumushaukungahumushi
Imperative
Simple+ object concord
Singularhumusha-humushe
Pluralhumushani-humusheni
Present
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyahumusha, ngihumushaengihumushayo, engihumushangihumushaangihumushiengingahumushingingahumushi
2nd singularuyahumusha, uhumushaohumushayo, ohumushauhumushaawuhumushiongahumushiungahumushi
1st pluralsiyahumusha, sihumushaesihumushayo, esihumushasihumushaasihumushiesingahumushisingahumushi
2nd pluralniyahumusha, nihumushaenihumushayo, enihumushanihumushaanihumushieningahumushiningahumushi
Class 1uyahumusha, uhumushaohumushayo, ohumushaehumushaakahumushiongahumushiengahumushi
Class 2bayahumusha, bahumushaabahumushayo, abahumushabehumushaabahumushiabangahumushibengahumushi
Class 3uyahumusha, uhumushaohumushayo, ohumushauhumushaawuhumushiongahumushiungahumushi
Class 4iyahumusha, ihumushaehumushayo, ehumushaihumushaayihumushiengahumushiingahumushi
Class 5liyahumusha, lihumushaelihumushayo, elihumushalihumushaalihumushielingahumushilingahumushi
Class 6ayahumusha, ahumushaahumushayo, ahumushaehumushaawahumushiangahumushiengahumushi
Class 7siyahumusha, sihumushaesihumushayo, esihumushasihumushaasihumushiesingahumushisingahumushi
Class 8ziyahumusha, zihumushaezihumushayo, ezihumushazihumushaazihumushiezingahumushizingahumushi
Class 9iyahumusha, ihumushaehumushayo, ehumushaihumushaayihumushiengahumushiingahumushi
Class 10ziyahumusha, zihumushaezihumushayo, ezihumushazihumushaazihumushiezingahumushizingahumushi
Class 11luyahumusha, luhumushaoluhumushayo, oluhumushaluhumushaaluhumushiolungahumushilungahumushi
Class 14buyahumusha, buhumushaobuhumushayo, obuhumushabuhumushaabuhumushiobungahumushibungahumushi
Class 15kuyahumusha, kuhumushaokuhumushayo, okuhumushakuhumushaakuhumushiokungahumushikungahumushi
Class 17kuyahumusha, kuhumushaokuhumushayo, okuhumushakuhumushaakuhumushiokungahumushikungahumushi
Recent past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngihumushile, ngihumushēengihumushile, engihumushēngihumushile, ngihumushēangihumushangaengingahumushangangingahumushanga
2nd singularuhumushile, uhumushēohumushile, ohumushēuhumushile, uhumushēawuhumushangaongahumushangaungahumushanga
1st pluralsihumushile, sihumushēesihumushile, esihumushēsihumushile, sihumushēasihumushangaesingahumushangasingahumushanga
2nd pluralnihumushile, nihumushēenihumushile, enihumushēnihumushile, nihumushēanihumushangaeningahumushanganingahumushanga
Class 1uhumushile, uhumushēohumushile, ohumushēehumushile, ehumushēakahumushangaongahumushangaengahumushanga
Class 2bahumushile, bahumushēabahumushile, abahumushēbehumushile, behumushēabahumushangaabangahumushangabengahumushanga
Class 3uhumushile, uhumushēohumushile, ohumushēuhumushile, uhumushēawuhumushangaongahumushangaungahumushanga
Class 4ihumushile, ihumushēehumushile, ehumushēihumushile, ihumushēayihumushangaengahumushangaingahumushanga
Class 5lihumushile, lihumushēelihumushile, elihumushēlihumushile, lihumushēalihumushangaelingahumushangalingahumushanga
Class 6ahumushile, ahumushēahumushile, ahumushēehumushile, ehumushēawahumushangaangahumushangaengahumushanga
Class 7sihumushile, sihumushēesihumushile, esihumushēsihumushile, sihumushēasihumushangaesingahumushangasingahumushanga
Class 8zihumushile, zihumushēezihumushile, ezihumushēzihumushile, zihumushēazihumushangaezingahumushangazingahumushanga
Class 9ihumushile, ihumushēehumushile, ehumushēihumushile, ihumushēayihumushangaengahumushangaingahumushanga
Class 10zihumushile, zihumushēezihumushile, ezihumushēzihumushile, zihumushēazihumushangaezingahumushangazingahumushanga
Class 11luhumushile, luhumushēoluhumushile, oluhumushēluhumushile, luhumushēaluhumushangaolungahumushangalungahumushanga
Class 14buhumushile, buhumushēobuhumushile, obuhumushēbuhumushile, buhumushēabuhumushangaobungahumushangabungahumushanga
Class 15kuhumushile, kuhumushēokuhumushile, okuhumushēkuhumushile, kuhumushēakuhumushangaokungahumushangakungahumushanga
Class 17kuhumushile, kuhumushēokuhumushile, okuhumushēkuhumushile, kuhumushēakuhumushangaokungahumushangakungahumushanga
Remote past
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngāhumushaengāhumushangāhumushaangihumushangaengingahumushangangingahumushanga
2nd singularwāhumushaowāhumushawāhumushaawuhumushangaongahumushangaungahumushanga
1st pluralsāhumushaesāhumushasāhumushaasihumushangaesingahumushangasingahumushanga
2nd pluralnāhumushaenāhumushanāhumushaanihumushangaeningahumushanganingahumushanga
Class 1wāhumushaowāhumushaāhumushaakahumushangaongahumushangaengahumushanga
Class 2bāhumushaabāhumushabāhumushaabahumushangaabangahumushangabengahumushanga
Class 3wāhumushaowāhumushawāhumushaawuhumushangaongahumushangaungahumushanga
Class 4yāhumushaeyāhumushayāhumushaayihumushangaengahumushangaingahumushanga
Class 5lāhumushaelāhumushalāhumushaalihumushangaelingahumushangalingahumushanga
Class 6āhumushaāhumushaāhumushaawahumushangaangahumushangaengahumushanga
Class 7sāhumushaesāhumushasāhumushaasihumushangaesingahumushangasingahumushanga
Class 8zāhumushaezāhumushazāhumushaazihumushangaezingahumushangazingahumushanga
Class 9yāhumushaeyāhumushayāhumushaayihumushangaengahumushangaingahumushanga
Class 10zāhumushaezāhumushazāhumushaazihumushangaezingahumushangazingahumushanga
Class 11lwāhumushaolwāhumushalwāhumushaaluhumushangaolungahumushangalungahumushanga
Class 14bāhumushaobāhumushabāhumushaabuhumushangaobungahumushangabungahumushanga
Class 15kwāhumushaokwāhumushakwāhumushaakuhumushangaokungahumushangakungahumushanga
Class 17kwāhumushaokwāhumushakwāhumushaakuhumushangaokungahumushangakungahumushanga
Potential
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngingahumusha—ngingahumushangingehumushe—ngingehumushe
2nd singularungahumusha—ungahumushaungehumushe—ungehumushe
1st pluralsingahumusha—singahumushasingehumushe—singehumushe
2nd pluralningahumusha—ningahumushaningehumushe—ningehumushe
Class 1angahumusha—engahumushaangehumushe—engehumushe
Class 2bangahumusha—bengahumushabangehumushe—bengehumushe
Class 3ungahumusha—ungahumushaungehumushe—ungehumushe
Class 4ingahumusha—ingahumushaingehumushe—ingehumushe
Class 5lingahumusha—lingahumushalingehumushe—lingehumushe
Class 6angahumusha—engahumushaangehumushe—engehumushe
Class 7singahumusha—singahumushasingehumushe—singehumushe
Class 8zingahumusha—zingahumushazingehumushe—zingehumushe
Class 9ingahumusha—ingahumushaingehumushe—ingehumushe
Class 10zingahumusha—zingahumushazingehumushe—zingehumushe
Class 11lungahumusha—lungahumushalungehumushe—lungehumushe
Class 14bungahumusha—bungahumushabungehumushe—bungehumushe
Class 15kungahumusha—kungahumushakungehumushe—kungehumushe
Class 17kungahumusha—kungahumushakungehumushe—kungehumushe
Immediate future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngizohumushaengizohumushangizohumushaangizuhumusha—ngingezuhumusha
2nd singularuzohumushaozohumushauzohumushaawuzuhumusha—ungezuhumusha
1st pluralsizohumushaesizohumushasizohumushaasizuhumusha—singezuhumusha
2nd pluralnizohumushaenizohumushanizohumushaanizuhumusha—ningezuhumusha
Class 1uzohumushaozohumushaezohumushaakazuhumusha—engezuhumusha
Class 2bazohumushaabazohumushabezohumushaabazuhumusha—bengezuhumusha
Class 3uzohumushaozohumushauzohumushaawuzuhumusha—ungezuhumusha
Class 4izohumushaezohumushaizohumushaayizuhumusha—ingezuhumusha
Class 5lizohumushaelizohumushalizohumushaalizuhumusha—lingezuhumusha
Class 6azohumushaazohumushaezohumushaawazuhumusha—engezuhumusha
Class 7sizohumushaesizohumushasizohumushaasizuhumusha—singezuhumusha
Class 8zizohumushaezizohumushazizohumushaazizuhumusha—zingezuhumusha
Class 9izohumushaezohumushaizohumushaayizuhumusha—ingezuhumusha
Class 10zizohumushaezizohumushazizohumushaazizuhumusha—zingezuhumusha
Class 11luzohumushaoluzohumushaluzohumushaaluzuhumusha—lungezuhumusha
Class 14buzohumushaobuzohumushabuzohumushaabuzuhumusha—bungezuhumusha
Class 15kuzohumushaokuzohumushakuzohumushaakuzuhumusha—kungezuhumusha
Class 17kuzohumushaokuzohumushakuzohumushaakuzuhumusha—kungezuhumusha
Remote future
Positive absolutePositive relativePositive participialNegative absoluteNegative relativeNegative participial
1st singularngiyohumushaengiyohumushangiyohumushaangiyuhumusha—ngingeyuhumusha
2nd singularuyohumushaoyohumushauyohumushaawuyuhumusha—ungeyuhumusha
1st pluralsiyohumushaesiyohumushasiyohumushaasiyuhumusha—singeyuhumusha
2nd pluralniyohumushaeniyohumushaniyohumushaaniyuhumusha—ningeyuhumusha
Class 1uyohumushaoyohumushaeyohumushaakayuhumusha—engeyuhumusha
Class 2bayohumushaabayohumushabeyohumushaabayuhumusha—bengeyuhumusha
Class 3uyohumushaoyohumushauyohumushaawuyuhumusha—ungeyuhumusha
Class 4iyohumushaeyohumushaiyohumushaayiyuhumusha—ingeyuhumusha
Class 5liyohumushaeliyohumushaliyohumushaaliyuhumusha—lingeyuhumusha
Class 6ayohumushaayohumushaeyohumushaawayuhumusha—engeyuhumusha
Class 7siyohumushaesiyohumushasiyohumushaasiyuhumusha—singeyuhumusha
Class 8ziyohumushaeziyohumushaziyohumushaaziyuhumusha—zingeyuhumusha
Class 9iyohumushaeyohumushaiyohumushaayiyuhumusha—ingeyuhumusha
Class 10ziyohumushaeziyohumushaziyohumushaaziyuhumusha—zingeyuhumusha
Class 11luyohumushaoluyohumushaluyohumushaaluyuhumusha—lungeyuhumusha
Class 14buyohumushaobuyohumushabuyohumushaabuyuhumusha—bungeyuhumusha
Class 15kuyohumushaokuyohumushakuyohumushaakuyuhumusha—kungeyuhumusha
Class 17kuyohumushaokuyohumushakuyohumushaakuyuhumusha—kungeyuhumusha
Present subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngihumushengingahumushi
2nd singularuhumusheungahumushi
1st pluralsihumushesingahumushi
2nd pluralnihumusheningahumushi
Class 1ahumusheangahumushi
Class 2bahumushebangahumushi
Class 3uhumusheungahumushi
Class 4ihumusheingahumushi
Class 5lihumushelingahumushi
Class 6ahumusheangahumushi
Class 7sihumushesingahumushi
Class 8zihumushezingahumushi
Class 9ihumusheingahumushi
Class 10zihumushezingahumushi
Class 11luhumushelungahumushi
Class 14buhumushebungahumushi
Class 15kuhumushekungahumushi
Class 17kuhumushekungahumushi
Past subjunctive
PositiveNegative
1st singularngahumushangangahumusha, angahumusha, angangahumusha
2nd singularwahumushawangahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
1st pluralsahumushasangahumusha, asahumusha, asangahumusha
2nd pluralnahumushanangahumusha, anahumusha, anangahumusha
Class 1wahumushawangahumusha, akahumusha, akangahumusha
Class 2bahumushabangahumusha, abahumusha, abangahumusha
Class 3wahumushawangahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
Class 4yahumushayangahumusha, ayahumusha, ayangahumusha
Class 5lahumushalangahumusha, alahumusha, alangahumusha
Class 6ahumushaangahumusha, awahumusha, awangahumusha
Class 7sahumushasangahumusha, asahumusha, asangahumusha
Class 8zahumushazangahumusha, azahumusha, azangahumusha
Class 9yahumushayangahumusha, ayahumusha, ayangahumusha
Class 10zahumushazangahumusha, azahumusha, azangahumusha
Class 11lwahumushalwangahumusha, alwahumusha, alwangahumusha
Class 14bahumushabangahumusha, abahumusha, abangahumusha
Class 15kwahumushakwangahumusha, akwahumusha, akwangahumusha
Class 17kwahumushakwangahumusha, akwahumusha, akwangahumusha

References

  • C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “humusha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “humusha (3.2.9)”
  • Louw, J.A. (2013), “The Impact of Khoesan on Southern Bantu”, in The Khoesan Languages, Routledge, →ISBN, pages 435-444
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