humus

humus

See also: Humus and húmus

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• enPR: hyo͞o'məs, IPA^(key): /ˈhjuːməs/
• Rhymes: -uːməs

Noun

humus (usually uncountable, plural humuses)

1. A large group of natural organic compounds, found in the soil, formed from the chemical and biological decomposition of plant and animal residues and from the synthetic activity of microorganisms.

Translations

group of compounds in soil

Armenian: հումուս (hy) (humus) Catalan: humus m Chinese: Mandarin: 腐殖質／腐殖质 (zh) (fǔzhízhì) Czech: humus (cs) m Dutch: humus (nl) Esperanto: humo (eo) Finnish: humus (fi), mullas French: humus (fr) m Galician: humus m Georgian: ნეშომპალა (nešomṗala), ჰუმუსი (humusi) German: Humus (de) m Alemannic German: Hërt m Greek: χούμος (el) m (choúmos) Irish: húmas m Japanese: 腐植土 (ふしょくど, fushokudo) Kazakh: гумус (gumus), қарашірік (qaraşırık) Korean: 부식질(腐植土) (ko) (busikjil) Malay: humus Maori: paraumu Polish: humus (pl) m, próchnica (pl) f Portuguese: húmus (pt), humo (pt) m Romanian: humus (ro) n Russian: гу́мус (ru) m (gúmus), перегно́й (ru) m (peregnój) Spanish: humus (es) m Swedish: humus (sv) c Vietnamese: mùn (vi)

See also

• compost
• mulch

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Turkish humus or Arabic حُمُّص‎ (ḥummuṣ).

Noun

humus (uncountable)

1. Alternative spelling of hummus (“chickpea dip”)

Anagrams

• mu shu

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Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin humus (“earth, soil”).

Pronunciation

• (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA^(key): /ˈu.mus/

Noun

humus m (plural humusos)

1. humus

Derived terms

• húmic

Related terms

• humícola
• humífer
• humificació
• inhumació
• inhumar

 

Further reading

• “humus” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

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Czech

Etymology

From Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦumus]
• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

humus m inan

1. humus

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular	plural
nominative	humus	humusy
genitive	humusu	humusů
dative	humusu	humusům
accusative	humus	humusy
vocative	humuse	humusy
locative	humusu, humuse	humusech
instrumental	humusem	humusy

Further reading

• humus in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• humus in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦy.mʏs/

• Audio

  (file)

• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

humus m (uncountable)

1. humus (soil organic matter)
2. (by extension) compost

Derived terms

• humusrijk

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Finnish

Etymology

< Latin humus

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhumus/, [ˈhumus̠]
• Rhymes: -umus
• Syllabification^(key): hu‧mus

Noun

humus

1. humus

Declension

Inflection of humus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		humus	humukset
genitive		humuksen	humusten humuksien
partitive		humusta	humuksia
illative		humukseen	humuksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		humus	humukset
accusative	nom.	humus	humukset
	gen.	humuksen
genitive		humuksen	humusten humuksien
partitive		humusta	humuksia
inessive		humuksessa	humuksissa
elative		humuksesta	humuksista
illative		humukseen	humuksiin
adessive		humuksella	humuksilla
ablative		humukselta	humuksilta
allative		humukselle	humuksille
essive		humuksena	humuksina
translative		humukseksi	humuksiksi
instructive		—	humuksin
abessive		humuksetta	humuksitta
comitative		—	humuksineen

Possessive forms of humus (type vastaus)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	humukseni	humuksemme
2nd person	humuksesi	humuksenne
3rd person	humuksensa

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French

Noun

humus m (uncountable)

1. humus

Further reading

• “humus”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

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Latin

Alternative forms

• umus
• humum

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *homos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰomós, from *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”). Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa), Ancient Greek χθών (khthṓn), and Old Church Slavonic землꙗ (zemlja). Related to homō (“human being, man”).[1]

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈhu.mus/, [ˈhʊmʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈu.mus/, [ˈuːmus]

Noun

humus f (genitive humī); second declension

1. ground, floor
2. earth, soil
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 4.559-560:

     [Triptolemus] prīmus arābit et seret et culta praemia tollet humō

     [Triptolemus] will be the first to plow and sow and take away the rewards from cultivated soil.
     (See Triptolemus, Demophon of Eleusis, and Celeus for the ancient Greek myths about a royal family who are presented as humble country folk in the Fasti.)

   Synonyms: terra, solum, tellūs

Declension

Second-declension noun, with locative.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	humus	humī
Genitive	humī	humōrum
Dative	humō	humīs
Accusative	humum	humōs
Ablative	humō humū	humīs
Vocative	hume	humī
Locative	humī	—

humus is one of a handful of common nouns that take the locative case (humī); other such nouns include domus and rūs. Also, irregular ablative singular humū once used by Varro.

Derived terms

• humilis
• humō

Descendants

• → Armenian: հումուս (humus)
• → Czech: humus
• → Dutch: humus
• → English: humus
• → Finnish: humus
• → French: humus
  • → Turkish: humus
• → Galician: humus
• → German: Humus
• → Greek: χούμος (choúmos)
• → Irish: húmas
• → Italian: umus
• → Malay: humus
• → Polish: humus
• → Portuguese: húmus, humo
• → Romanian: humus, humă
• → Russian: гу́мус (gúmus)
• → Serbo-Croatian: ху́мус (húmus)
• → Spanish: humus
• → Swedish: humus

References

• “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “humus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• humus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette

1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “humus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxu.mus/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -umus
• Syllabification: hu‧mus

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Noun

humus m inan

1. humus

   Synonym: próchnica

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular
nominative	humus
genitive	humusu
dative	humusowi
accusative	humus
instrumental	humusem
locative	humusie
vocative	humusie

Derived terms

adjective

• humusowy

 

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic حمص‎.

Noun

humus m inan

1. hummus

   Synonym: hummus

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular	plural
nominative	humus	humusy
genitive	humusu	humusów
dative	humusowi	humusom
accusative	humus	humusy
instrumental	humusem	humusami
locative	humusie	humusach
vocative	humusie	humusy

Further reading

• humus in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• humus in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Romanian

Etymology

From French humus, from Latin humus.

Noun

humus n (uncountable)

1. humus (in the soil)

Declension

declension of humus (singular only)

	singular
n gender	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) humus	humusul
genitive/dative	(unui) humus	humusului
vocative	humusule

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin humus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xǔːmus/
• Hyphenation: hu‧mus

Noun

húmus m (Cyrillic spelling ху́мус)

1. humus

Declension

Declension of humus

	singular
nominative	humus
genitive	humusa
dative	humusu
accusative	humus
vocative	humuse
locative	humusu
instrumental	humusom

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Spanish

Noun

humus m (plural humus)

1. hummus
2. humus

Further reading

• “humus”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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Turkish

Etymology 1

From French humus.

Noun

humus (definite accusative humusu, plural humuslar)

1. humus

Declension

Inflection
Nominative	humus
Definite accusative	humusu
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	humus	humuslar
Definite accusative	humusu	humusları
Dative	humusa	humuslara
Locative	humusta	humuslarda
Ablative	humustan	humuslardan
Genitive	humusun	humusların
Possessive forms Nominative Singular Plural 1st singular humusum humuslarım 2nd singular humusun humusların 3rd singular humusu humusları 1st plural humusumuz humuslarımız 2nd plural humusunuz humuslarınız 3rd plural humusları humusları Definite accusative Singular Plural 1st singular humusumu humuslarımı 2nd singular humusunu humuslarını 3rd singular humusunu humuslarını 1st plural humusumuzu humuslarımızı 2nd plural humusunuzu humuslarınızı 3rd plural humuslarını humuslarını Dative Singular Plural 1st singular humusuma humuslarıma 2nd singular humusuna humuslarına 3rd singular humusuna humuslarına 1st plural humusumuza humuslarımıza 2nd plural humusunuza humuslarınıza 3rd plural humuslarına humuslarına Locative Singular Plural 1st singular humusumda humuslarımda 2nd singular humusunda humuslarında 3rd singular humusunda humuslarında 1st plural humusumuzda humuslarımızda 2nd plural humusunuzda humuslarınızda 3rd plural humuslarında humuslarında Ablative Singular Plural 1st singular humusumdan humuslarımdan 2nd singular humusundan humuslarından 3rd singular humusundan humuslarından 1st plural humusumuzdan humuslarımızdan 2nd plural humusunuzdan humuslarınızdan 3rd plural humuslarından humuslarından Genitive Singular Plural 1st singular humusumun humuslarımın 2nd singular humusunun humuslarının 3rd singular humusunun humuslarının 1st plural humusumuzun humuslarımızın 2nd plural humusunuzun humuslarınızın 3rd plural humuslarının humuslarının

Etymology 2

From Arabic حُمُّص‎ (ḥummuṣ).

Noun

humus (definite accusative humusu, plural humuslar)

1. hummus

References

• humus in Turkish dictionaries at Türk Dil Kurumu