hull

hull

See also: Hull and hüll

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hʌl/

• Audio (UK)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ʌl

Etymology 1

From Middle English hul, hulle, holle (“seed covering, hull of a ship”), from Old English hulu (“seed covering”), from Proto-Germanic *hul- (compare Dutch hul (“hood”),German Hülle, Hülse (“cover, veil”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover, hide”); or possibly from Proto-Indo-European *kal- (“hard”) (compare Old Irish calad, calath (“hard”), Latin callus, callum (“rough skin”), Old Church Slavonic калити (kaliti, “to cool, harden”)). For the sense development, compare French coque (“nutshell; ship's hull”), Ancient Greek φάσηλος (phásēlos, “bean pod; yacht”).

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The outer covering of a fruit or seed.
2. Any covering.

Synonyms

• (outer covering of fruit or seed): peel, husk, shell

Derived terms

• rice hull

Translations

outer covering of a fruit or seed

Bulgarian: шушулка (bg) m (šušulka) Dutch: dop (nl) m or f Estonian: kõder, seemnekest Finnish: kuori (fi) French: (nuts) coque (fr) f, (peas, beans) cosse (fr) f Galician: casca (gl) f, moíña f, carapa f, cornella f, carolo (gl) m, bagullo m, casulo m, bolerca (gl) f, pela f German: Hülse (de) f, Schale (de) f, Schote (de) f Greek: φλοιός (el) m (floiós), φλούδα (el) f (floúda) Hungarian: héj (hu), hüvely (hu) Irish: crotal m Macedonian: ко́рупка f (kórupka), лу́шпа f (lúšpa) Malay: sekam Manx: bleayst f Maori: pāpapa Navajo: atsʼaʼ Persian: نیام‎ (fa) (niyām) Plautdietsch: Schluw f, Schal f Portuguese: casca (pt) f Romanian: coajă (ro) f, piele (ro) f, înveliș (ro) n, păstaie (ro) f (pod) Russian: шелуха́ (ru) f (šeluxá), скорлупа́ (ru) f (skorlupá) Scottish Gaelic: cochall m Spanish: hollejo (es) m, vaina (es) f Swedish: balja (sv) c, skida (sv) c, skal (sv) c Welsh: (peas, beans) cib m, (nuts) plisgyn m (North), masgl m (South)

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. To remove the outer covering of a fruit or seed.

   She sat on the back porch hulling peanuts.

Synonyms

• (to remove hull of a fruit or seed): peel, husk, shell, shuck

Translations

to remove the hull of a fruit or seed; to peel

Bulgarian: беля (bg) (belja), лющя (bg) (ljuštja) Dutch: doppen (nl) Finnish: kuoria (fi) French: écosser (fr), décortiquer (fr) Galician: escarolar (gl), descascar, deluvar, estonar (gl) Greek: ξεφλουδίζω (el) (xefloudízo), αποφλοιώνω (el) (apofloióno) Hungarian: hámoz (hu), lehámoz, meghámoz (hu), fejt (hu), hántol (hu), foszt (kukoricát) Irish: scil Maori: kōwhā Portuguese: descascar (pt) Russian: очища́ть (ru) (očiščátʹ) (от шелухи́), лущи́ть (ru) impf (luščítʹ) Spanish: descascarillar (es) Swedish: skala (sv) Welsh: diblisgo, disbeinio

Etymology 2

From Middle English holle, hoole (“hull, hold of a ship, ship”), of uncertain origin. Possibly a variant and special use of Etymology 1 above, conformed to hull. Alternatively, a variant of Middle English hole, hoole, holle (“hiding place, lair, den, shelter, compartment”, literally “hole, hollow”), related to Middle Dutch and Dutch hol (“hole, ship's cargo hold”). More at hole.

Noun

hull (plural hulls)

1. The body or frame of a vessel, such as a ship or plane.
   • 1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, Quatrain 60, 1808, The Works of John Dryden, Volume 9, page 115,

     Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, / And through the yielding planks a passage find.

2. (mathematics, geometry, of a set A) The smallest set that possesses a particular property (such as convexity) and contains every point of A; slightly more formally, the intersection of all sets which possess the specified property and of which A is a subset.

   The orthogonal convex hull of an orthogonal polygon is the smallest orthogonally convex polygon that encloses the original polygon.

   holomorphically convex hull; affine hull; injective hull

Synonyms

• (frame of a vessel): fuselage (of a winged aircraft)
• (smallest set containing a given set of points): span

Derived terms

• affine hull
• ahull
• convex hull
• hull breach
• hull-down
• hulless
• hull-loss accident
• hull speed
• hull splash
• hull-up
• invective hull
• monohull
• multihull
• pressure hull
• rice hull
• tank hull
• turtle hull
• twinhull

 

Translations

frame of a ship or plane

Belarusian: ко́рпус m (kórpus) Bulgarian: корпус (bg) m (korpus), фюзелаж m (fjuzelaž) Catalan: buc (ca) m Chinese: Mandarin: please add this translation if you can Danish: skrog (da) Dutch: casco (nl) n, scheepsromp (nl) m Esperanto: please add this translation if you can Finnish: runko (fi) French: coque (fr) f Galician: casco m German: Rumpf (de) m Greek: σκάφος (el) n (skáfos) Ancient: σκάφος n (skáphos) Hebrew: גּוּף‎ (he) m (guf) Hungarian: hajótest (hu), test (hu), törzs (hu) Ido: kareno (io) Irish: cabhail f Italian: scafo (it) m Japanese: 船体 (ja) (sentai) Korean: 선체 (ko) (seonche) Maori: tīwai, pāpāwai (outer surface), tahiwi, kōhiwi Navajo: atsʼaʼ Norman: côsse f Norwegian: skrog (no) n Polish: kadłub (pl) m Portuguese: casco (pt) m Romanian: cocă (ro) f, carenă (ro) f Russian: ко́рпус (ru) m (kórpus) Scottish Gaelic: slige f, plaosg m, cochall m Serbo-Croatian: trup (sh) m Spanish: casco (es) m Swedish: skrov (sv) Thai: please add this translation if you can Turkish: please add this translation if you can Ukrainian: ко́рпус (uk) m (kórpus) Welsh: corff llong m

Verb

hull (third-person singular simple present hulls, present participle hulling, simple past and past participle hulled)

1. (obsolete, intransitive, nautical) To drift; to be carried by the impetus of wind or water on the ship's hull alone, with sails furled.
   • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 1, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:

     We goe not, but we are carried: as things that flote, now gliding gently, now hulling violently, according as the water is, either stormy or calme.

   • 1613, William Shakespeare; [John Fletcher], “The Famous History of the Life of King Henry the Eight”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iv]:

     […] Thus hulling in
     The wild sea of my conscience, I did steer
     Toward this remedy, whereupon we are
     Now present here together:

   • 1716, Thomas Browne, Christian Morals, 2nd edition edited by Samuel Johnson, London: J. Payne, 1756, Part I, p. 8,

     In this virtuous voyage of life hull not about like the ark, without the use of rudder, mast, or sail, and bound for no port.

2. (transitive) To hit (a ship) in the hull with cannon fire etc.
   • 1774, George Shelvocke, The Voyage of Captain Shelvock Round the World in David Henry (ed.), An Historical Account of All the Voyages Round the World, Performed by English Navigators, London: F. Newbery, Volume 2, p. 163,

     During this action, we had not a man killed or wounded, although the enemy often hulled us, and once, in particular, a shot coming into one of our ports, dismounted one of our guns between decks […]

---

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hullu. Cognate to Finnish hullu and Livonian ull.

Adjective

hull (genitive hullu, partitive hullu, comparative hullem, superlative kõige hullem)

1. crazy, mad

Declension

Declension of hull (type riik)

	singular	plural
nominative	hull	hullud
genitive	hullu	hullude
partitive	hullu	hulle / hullusid
illative	hullu / hullusse	hulludesse / hullesse
inessive	hullus	hulludes / hulles
elative	hullust	hulludest / hullest
allative	hullule	hulludele / hullele
adessive	hullul	hulludel / hullel
ablative	hullult	hulludelt / hullelt
translative	hulluks	hulludeks / hulleks
terminative	hulluni	hulludeni
essive	hulluna	hulludena
abessive	hulluta	hulludeta
comitative	hulluga	hulludega

---

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• hullik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhulː]
• Rhymes: -ulː

Verb

hull

1. (intransitive) to fall

   Hull a hó. ― It's snowing. (literally, “The snow is falling.”)

   térdre hull ― to fall on one's knees

2. (intransitive, of tears) to flow
3. (intransitive, of hair) to fall out
4. (intransitive) to die (in large quantities)

   Hullanak, mint a legyek. ― They are dying off like flies.

Conjugation

conjugation of hull

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullok	hullsz	hull	hullunk	hulltok	hullnak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hulltam	hulltál	hullt	hulltunk	hulltatok	hulltak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullnék	hullnál	hullna	hullnánk	hullnátok	hullnának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Infinitive	hullni		hullnom	hullnod	hullnia	hullnunk	hullnotok	hullniuk
Other nonfinite verb forms			Verbal noun	Present participle	Past participle	Future part.	Adverbial part.	Potential
			hullás	hulló	hullt	―	hullva	hullhat

or

conjugation of hull

			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullok	hullasz	hull	hullunk	hullotok	hullanak
		Def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
		2nd-p. o.	―
	Past	Indef.	hullottam	hullottál	hullott	hullottunk	hullottatok	hullottak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hullanék	hullanál	hullana	hullanánk	hullanátok	hullanának
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	hulljak	hullj or hulljál	hulljon	hulljunk	hulljatok	hulljanak
		Def.	―
		2nd-p. o.	―
Infinitive	hullani		hullanom	hullanod	hullania	hullanunk	hullanotok	hullaniuk
Other nonfinite verb forms			Verbal noun	Present participle	Past participle	Future part.	Adverbial part.	Potential
			hullás	hulló	hullott	―	hullva	hullhat

Derived terms

• hulla
• hulladék
• hullat
• hullám
• hulldogál
• hulló

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• aláhull
• áthull
• behull
• belehull
• elhull
• kihull
• lehull
• ráhull
• széthull
• visszahull

Further reading

• hull in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hól.

Alternative forms

• hol

Noun

hull n (definite singular hullet, indefinite plural hull or huller, definite plural hulla or hullene)

1. a hole

Derived terms

• hullemaskin
• knapphull
• kulehull
• mannhull
• nøkkelhull
• tittehull

 

Verb

hull

1. imperative of hulle

See also

• hòl (Nynorsk)

References

• “hull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

---

---

Swedish

Noun

hull n

1. soft, superficial flesh (fat and muscle)

   Nypa någon i hullet

   Pinch someone's belly (for example)

   lägga på hullet

   get fatter ("lay on the flesh")

   fast/lös i hullet

   firm/loose in the flesh

Declension

Declension of hull
	Uncountable
	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	hull	hullet	—	—
Genitive	hulls	hullets	—	—

Derived terms

• med hull och hår

References

• hull in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• hull in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• hull in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)