hukkua
Finnish
(index hu)
Etymology
A passive verb, derived from hukata + -ua.
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: huk‧ku‧a
- Rhymes: -ukːuɑ
- IPA(key): /ˈhukːuɑ(ʔ)/
Verb
hukkua
- (intransitive) To drown.
- Kärpänen hukkui juomaani.
- A fly drowned in my drink.
- (intransitive) To get lost.
- Avaimeni hukkuivat.
- I lost my keys. (literally: My keys got lost.)
Usage notes
- Hukkua is one of the Finnish verbs that, unlike their equivalents in most Indo-European languages, require a lative case, i.e. require the question "where ... to?" instead of "where?". Thus, "Lapsi hukkui metsään" means literally 'A child got lost into the forest'. Similar verbs are e.g. eksyä, eksyttää, hukata, hukuttaa, kadota, kadottaa, hävitä, hävittää, saapua, jäädä, jättää and rakentaa. See also the verbs etsiä, löytää, löytyä, lukea and kuulla which require the question "where ... from?" instead of "where?" (Nähdä can be both a verb with an essive case ("where?") and a verb requiring the question "where ... from?".)
Conjugation
| Inflection of hukkua (Kotus type 52/sanoa, kk-k gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hukun | en huku | 1st sing. | olen hukkunut | en ole hukkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | hukut | et huku | 2nd sing. | olet hukkunut | et ole hukkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | hukkuu | ei huku | 3rd sing. | on hukkunut | ei ole hukkunut | |
| 1st plur. | hukumme | emme huku | 1st plur. | olemme hukkuneet | emme ole hukkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | hukutte | ette huku | 2nd plur. | olette hukkuneet | ette ole hukkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | hukkuvat | eivät huku | 3rd plur. | ovat hukkuneet | eivät ole hukkuneet | |
| passive | hukutaan | ei hukuta | passive | on hukuttu | ei ole hukuttu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hukuin | en hukkunut | 1st sing. | olin hukkunut | en ollut hukkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | hukuit | et hukkunut | 2nd sing. | olit hukkunut | et ollut hukkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | hukkui | ei hukkunut | 3rd sing. | oli hukkunut | ei ollut hukkunut | |
| 1st plur. | hukuimme | emme hukkuneet | 1st plur. | olimme hukkuneet | emme olleet hukkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | hukuitte | ette hukkuneet | 2nd plur. | olitte hukkuneet | ette olleet hukkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | hukkuivat | eivät hukkuneet | 3rd plur. | olivat hukkuneet | eivät olleet hukkuneet | |
| passive | hukuttiin | ei hukuttu | passive | oli hukuttu | ei ollut hukuttu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hukkuisin | en hukkuisi | 1st sing. | olisin hukkunut | en olisi hukkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | hukkuisit | et hukkuisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hukkunut | et olisi hukkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | hukkuisi | ei hukkuisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hukkunut | ei olisi hukkunut | |
| 1st plur. | hukkuisimme | emme hukkuisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hukkuneet | emme olisi hukkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | hukkuisitte | ette hukkuisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hukkuneet | ette olisi hukkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | hukkuisivat | eivät hukkuisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hukkuneet | eivät olisi hukkuneet | |
| passive | hukuttaisiin | ei hukuttaisi | passive | olisi hukuttu | ei olisi hukuttu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | huku | älä huku | 2nd sing. | ole hukkunut | älä ole hukkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | hukkukoon | älköön hukkuko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hukkunut | älköön olko hukkunut | |
| 1st plur. | hukkukaamme | älkäämme hukkuko | 1st plur. | olkaamme hukkuneet | älkäämme olko hukkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | hukkukaa | älkää hukkuko | 2nd plur. | olkaa hukkuneet | älkää olko hukkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | hukkukoot | älkööt hukkuko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hukkuneet | älkööt olko hukkuneet | |
| passive | hukuttakoon | älköön hukuttako | passive | olkoon hukuttu | älköön olko hukuttu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hukkunen | en hukkune | 1st sing. | lienen hukkunut | en liene hukkunut | |
| 2nd sing. | hukkunet | et hukkune | 2nd sing. | lienet hukkunut | et liene hukkunut | |
| 3rd sing. | hukkunee | ei hukkune | 3rd sing. | lienee hukkunut | ei liene hukkunut | |
| 1st plur. | hukkunemme | emme hukkune | 1st plur. | lienemme hukkuneet | emme liene hukkuneet | |
| 2nd plur. | hukkunette | ette hukkune | 2nd plur. | lienette hukkuneet | ette liene hukkuneet | |
| 3rd plur. | hukkunevat | eivät hukkune | 3rd plur. | lienevät hukkuneet | eivät liene hukkuneet | |
| passive | hukuttaneen | ei hukuttane | passive | lienee hukuttu | ei liene hukuttu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | hukkua | present | hukkuva | hukuttava | ||
| long 1st2 | hukkuakseen | past | hukkunut | hukuttu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | hukkuessa | hukuttaessa | agent1, 3 | hukkuma | |
| instructive | hukkuen | — | negative | hukkumaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | hukkumassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | hukkumasta | — | ||||
| illative | hukkumaan | — | ||||
| adessive | hukkumalla | — | ||||
| abessive | hukkumatta | — | ||||
| instructive | hukkuman | hukuttaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | hukkuminen | ||||
| partitive | hukkumista | |||||
| 5th2 | hukkumaisillaan | |||||
Synonyms
- (to get lost) kadota
Antonyms
- (to get lost) löytyä
Derived terms
- verbs: causative hukuttaa
Anagrams
- hakkuu, haukku