hotkia
Finnish
Etymology
hotk- + -ia, probably from a variant of hatka, and possibly also in part from eastern dialectal hotka (“quick, eager”), from Russian ходкий (xodkij, “quick”). According to SSA, sound-symbolic.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhotkiɑˣ/, [ˈho̞t̪kiɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -otkiɑ
- Syllabification(key): hot‧ki‧a
Verb
hotkia
- (transitive) To wolf down, eat quickly, gulp, gobble, hog, gorge oneself on, stuff oneself with (without regard for table manners).
Usage notes
- Being a momentane verb, hotkaista is used when the amount of the food to be wolfed down is confined or the moment of eating is transient, whereas hotkia is used when the duration of the eating is longer, more continuous or more or less indefinite. The difference can sometimes be translated in English by using the continuous tense.
- Pekka hotki omenia, kun minä tulin kotiin.
- Pekka was gorging himself on apples when I came home.
- Pekka hotkaisi omenan ja juoksi ovesta ulos.
- Pekka wolfed the apple down and ran out the door.
- Pekka hotki omenia, kun minä tulin kotiin.
Conjugation
| Inflection of hotkia (Kotus type 61/sallia, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hotkin | en hotki | 1st sing. | olen hotkinut | en ole hotkinut | |
| 2nd sing. | hotkit | et hotki | 2nd sing. | olet hotkinut | et ole hotkinut | |
| 3rd sing. | hotkii | ei hotki | 3rd sing. | on hotkinut | ei ole hotkinut | |
| 1st plur. | hotkimme | emme hotki | 1st plur. | olemme hotkineet | emme ole hotkineet | |
| 2nd plur. | hotkitte | ette hotki | 2nd plur. | olette hotkineet | ette ole hotkineet | |
| 3rd plur. | hotkivat | eivät hotki | 3rd plur. | ovat hotkineet | eivät ole hotkineet | |
| passive | hotkitaan | ei hotkita | passive | on hotkittu | ei ole hotkittu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hotkin | en hotkinut | 1st sing. | olin hotkinut | en ollut hotkinut | |
| 2nd sing. | hotkit | et hotkinut | 2nd sing. | olit hotkinut | et ollut hotkinut | |
| 3rd sing. | hotki | ei hotkinut | 3rd sing. | oli hotkinut | ei ollut hotkinut | |
| 1st plur. | hotkimme | emme hotkineet | 1st plur. | olimme hotkineet | emme olleet hotkineet | |
| 2nd plur. | hotkitte | ette hotkineet | 2nd plur. | olitte hotkineet | ette olleet hotkineet | |
| 3rd plur. | hotkivat | eivät hotkineet | 3rd plur. | olivat hotkineet | eivät olleet hotkineet | |
| passive | hotkittiin | ei hotkittu | passive | oli hotkittu | ei ollut hotkittu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hotkisin | en hotkisi | 1st sing. | olisin hotkinut | en olisi hotkinut | |
| 2nd sing. | hotkisit | et hotkisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hotkinut | et olisi hotkinut | |
| 3rd sing. | hotkisi | ei hotkisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hotkinut | ei olisi hotkinut | |
| 1st plur. | hotkisimme | emme hotkisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hotkineet | emme olisi hotkineet | |
| 2nd plur. | hotkisitte | ette hotkisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hotkineet | ette olisi hotkineet | |
| 3rd plur. | hotkisivat | eivät hotkisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hotkineet | eivät olisi hotkineet | |
| passive | hotkittaisiin | ei hotkittaisi | passive | olisi hotkittu | ei olisi hotkittu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | hotki | älä hotki | 2nd sing. | ole hotkinut | älä ole hotkinut | |
| 3rd sing. | hotkikoon | älköön hotkiko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hotkinut | älköön olko hotkinut | |
| 1st plur. | hotkikaamme | älkäämme hotkiko | 1st plur. | olkaamme hotkineet | älkäämme olko hotkineet | |
| 2nd plur. | hotkikaa | älkää hotkiko | 2nd plur. | olkaa hotkineet | älkää olko hotkineet | |
| 3rd plur. | hotkikoot | älkööt hotkiko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hotkineet | älkööt olko hotkineet | |
| passive | hotkittakoon | älköön hotkittako | passive | olkoon hotkittu | älköön olko hotkittu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hotkinen | en hotkine | 1st sing. | lienen hotkinut | en liene hotkinut | |
| 2nd sing. | hotkinet | et hotkine | 2nd sing. | lienet hotkinut | et liene hotkinut | |
| 3rd sing. | hotkinee | ei hotkine | 3rd sing. | lienee hotkinut | ei liene hotkinut | |
| 1st plur. | hotkinemme | emme hotkine | 1st plur. | lienemme hotkineet | emme liene hotkineet | |
| 2nd plur. | hotkinette | ette hotkine | 2nd plur. | lienette hotkineet | ette liene hotkineet | |
| 3rd plur. | hotkinevat | eivät hotkine | 3rd plur. | lienevät hotkineet | eivät liene hotkineet | |
| passive | hotkittaneen | ei hotkittane | passive | lienee hotkittu | ei liene hotkittu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | hotkia | present | hotkiva | hotkittava | ||
| long 1st2 | hotkiakseen | past | hotkinut | hotkittu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | hotkiessa | hotkittaessa | agent1, 3 | hotkima | |
| instructive | hotkien | — | negative | hotkimaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | hotkimassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | hotkimasta | — | ||||
| illative | hotkimaan | — | ||||
| adessive | hotkimalla | — | ||||
| abessive | hotkimatta | — | ||||
| instructive | hotkiman | hotkittaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | hotkiminen | ||||
| partitive | hotkimista | |||||
| 5th2 | hotkimaisillaan | |||||
Synonyms
- (to wolf down, etc. — with the act being continuous) ahmia, ahnehtia
Related terms
- hotkaista
References
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Anagrams
- ahkiot, kihota