hostility

English

Etymology

From Middle English hostilitie, hostilite, from Old French hostilité, from Latin hostīlitās.

Pronunciation

(Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /hɒˈstɪlɪti/
(General American) IPA^(key): /hɑˈstɪlɪti/
Audio (US) (file)
Rhymes: -ɪlɪti

Noun

hostility (countable and uncountable, plural hostilities)

(uncountable) The state of being hostile.
My resentment and anger towards you caused hostility and a division between us.
- 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:
  There is no hostilitie so excellent, as that which is absolutely Christian.
- 2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0-2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport:
  But with Goodison Park openly directing its full hostility towards Atkinson, Liverpool went ahead when Carroll turned in his first Premier League goal of the season after 70 minutes.
- 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, "London Is Special, but Not That Special," New York Times (retrieved 28 September 2013):
  The polarization of wealth and the polarization of attitudes to diversity are not unrelated. A key reason for popular hostility to immigrants is that to many people, particularly within working-class communities, immigration has become a symbol of unacceptable change.
(countable) A hostile action, especially a military action. See hostilities for specific plural definition.

Synonyms

(state of being hostile): antagonism, opposition, enmity, animosity, antipathy, hatred, unfriendliness
(military action): war, fighting, combat

Antonyms

(state of being hostile): amity, friendliness
(military action): peace

Derived terms

horizontal hostility

Related terms

hostile

Translations

state of being hostile

Albanian: armiqësi (sq) f
Arabic: عَدَاوَة‎ f (ʿadāwa)
Armenian: թշնամություն (hy) (tʿšnamutʿyun)
Azerbaijani: düşmənçilik, ədavət
Bengali: বিবাদ (bn) (bibad), শত্রুতা (bn) (śôtruta)
Belarusian: варо́жасць f (varóžascʹ), варажне́ча f (varažnjéča), непрыя́знасць f (njepryjáznascʹ)
Bulgarian: вражде́бност (bg) f (vraždébnost), вражда́ (bg) f (vraždá), неприя́зън (bg) f (neprijázǎn)
Catalan: hostilitat (ca) f
Chinese:
Mandarin: 敵意 (zh), 敌意 (zh) (díyì)
Czech: nepřátelství (cs) n
Danish: fjendtlighed c
Dutch: hostiliteit (nl) f, vijandigheid (nl) f, vijandschap (nl) f
Esperanto: malamikeco
Estonian: vaenulikkus
Finnish: vihamielisyys (fi)
French: hostilité (fr) f
Georgian: მტრობა (mṭroba)
German: Feindseligkeit (de) f, Feindschaft (de) f
Greek: εχθρότητα (el) f (echthrótita), εχθρικότητα (el) f (echthrikótita)
Ancient: ἔχθρα f (ékhthra)
Hebrew: אֵיבָה‎ (he) f (eyvá)
Hindi: दुश्मनी (hi) f (duśmanī), अदावत (hi) f (adāvat), वैर (hi) m (vair), शत्रुता (hi) f (śatrutā)
Hungarian: viszály (hu), ellenségeskedés (hu)
Icelandic: fjandskapur m, óvild f, óvinátta f
Italian: ostilità (it) f
Japanese: 敵対 (ja) (てきたい, tekitai), 敵意 (ja) (てきい, tekii)
Kazakh: ғадауат (ğadauat), дұшпандық (kk) (dūşpandyq), қастық (qastyq)
Korean: 적의 (ko) (jeogui), 적대 (ko) (jeokdae)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: dijminatî (ku), neyarî (ku)
Kyrgyz: душмандык (ky) (duşmandık), кастык (kastık)
Latvian: ienaids m
Lithuanian: priešiškumas m
Macedonian: непријателство n (neprijatelstvo)
Maori: whakariri
Middle English: yvel wille
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: дайсагнал (mn) (dajsagnal)
Mongolian: ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠰᠤᠩᠨᠠᠯ (dayisuŋnal)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: fiendtlighet m or f
Occitan: ostilitat (oc) f
Old Church Slavonic:
Cyrillic: вражьда f (vražĭda)
Old English: fēondlīcnes f
Ottoman Turkish: عداوه‎ (adâve), عداوت‎ (adâvet), دشمنلك‎ (düşmenlik), خصومت‎ (husûmet)
Pashto: دښمني‎ (ps) f (doӽmaní), عداوت‎ (ps) m (adāwát)
Persian: دشمنی‎ (fa) (došmani), عداوت‎ (fa) ('adâvat), خصومت‎ (fa) (xosumat)
Polish: wrogość (pl) f, nieprzyjaźń f
Portuguese: hostilidade (pt) f
Romanian: ostilitate (ro) f, dușmănie (ro) f
Russian: вражде́бность (ru) f (vraždébnostʹ), вражда́ (ru) f (vraždá), неприя́тие (ru) n (neprijátije), неприя́знь (ru) f (neprijáznʹ)
Sanskrit: इरस् (sa) n (iras), द्वेषस् (sa) n (dveṣas)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: непријатѐљство n
Roman: neprijatèljstvo (sh) n
Slovak: nepriateľstvo n
Slovene: sovrȃštvo (sl) n
Spanish: hostilidad (es) f
Swahili: uadui
Swedish: fientlighet (sv)
Tajik: душманӣ (tg) (dušmanī), адоват (adovat), хусумат (xusumat)
Tatar: дошманлык (tt) (doşmanlıq)
Tocharian B: sanuññe
Turkish: düşmanlık (tr), yağılık (tr), husumet (tr), hasımlık (tr), adavet (tr) (archaic)
Turkmen: duşmançylyk
Ukrainian: воро́жість f (voróžistʹ), ворожне́ча f (vorožnéča), непри́язнь f (neprýjaznʹ), ворожда́ f (voroždá) (poetic)
Urdu: دشمنی‎ f (duśmanī), عداوت‎ f ('adāvat)
Uyghur: دۈشمەنلىك‎ (düshmenlik)
Uzbek: dushmanlik (uz), adovat (uz)

hostile action, especially a military action

Bengali: বিবাদ (bn) (bibad)
Catalan: hostilitat (ca) f
Dutch: vijandigheid (nl) f,vijandelijkheid (nl) f
Finnish: vihamielinen teko; sotatoimi (fi)
Greek: εχθροπραξία (el) f (echthropraxía)
Japanese: 事変 (ja) (じへん, jihen)
Russian: вражде́бный акт m (vraždébnyj akt)
Spanish: hostilidad (es) f
Turkish: saldırgan hareket

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Latin: ^{(please verify)} hostilitas
Romanian: ^{(please verify)} ostilitate (ro) f