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单词 host
释义

host

See also: Host, höst, hőst, høst, and hosť

English

Alternative forms

  • hoast (obsolete)

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /həʊst/
  • (General American) IPA(key): /hoʊst/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -əʊst

Etymology 1

From Middle English hoste, from Old French oste (French: hôte), from Latin hospitem, accusative of hospes (“a host, also a sojourner, visitor, guest; hence, a foreigner, a stranger”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰostipotis (“master of guests”), from *gʰóstis (“stranger, guest, enemy”) and *pótis (“owner, master, host, husband”). Used in English since 13th century. Doublet of guest.

Noun

host (plural hosts, feminine hostess)

  1. One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially.
    A good host is always considerate of the guest’s needs.
    • c. 1602, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Troylus and Cressida”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii]:
      Time is like a fashionable host, / That slightly shakes his parting guest by the hand.
  2. One that provides a facility for an event.
  3. A person or organization responsible for running an event.
    Our company is host of the annual conference this year.
  4. A moderator or master of ceremonies for a performance.
    The host was terrible, but the acts themselves were good.
  5. (computing, Internet) Any computer attached to a network.
  6. (ecology) A cell or organism which harbors another organism or biological entity, usually a parasite.
    • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
      A recent study explored the ecological variables that may contribute to bats’ propensity to harbor such zoonotic diseases by comparing them with another order of common reservoir hosts: rodents.
    Viruses depend on the host that they infect in order to be able to reproduce.
  7. (evolution, genetics) An organism bearing certain genetic material, with respect to its cells.
    The so-called junk DNA is known, so far, to provide no apparent benefit to its host.
  8. A paid male companion offering conversation and in some cases sex, as in certain types of bar in Japan.
Synonyms
  • presenter (UK)
Hyponyms
  • (computing): localhost
Derived terms
  • air host
  • bulletproof host
  • co-host
  • definitive host
  • DMZ host
  • graft-versus-host
  • graft-versus-host disease
  • host cell
  • host city
  • host country
  • host desecration
  • hostel
  • hoster
  • hostess
  • host family
  • hostname
  • host plant
  • host response
  • hostress
  • host rock
  • host selling
  • host species
  • host with the most
  • jump host
  • mine host
  • no-host
  • no host bar
  • opinion host
  • play host to
  • reckon without one's host
  • wraparound host
  • hospitable
  • hospital
  • hospitality
  • hotel
Translations

Verb

host (third-person singular simple present hosts, present participle hosting, simple past and past participle hosted)

  1. To perform the role of a host.
    • 2013 May-June, Katie L. Burke, “In the News”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3, page 193:
      Bats host many high-profile viruses that can infect humans, including severe acute respiratory syndrome and Ebola.
    Our company will host the annual conference this year.
    I was terrible at hosting that show.
    I’ll be hosting tonight. I hope I’m not terrible.
  2. (obsolete, intransitive) To lodge at an inn.
    • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s VVell, that Ends VVell”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene v]:
      Where you shall host.
  3. (computing, Internet) To run software made available to a remote user or process.
    • 1987 May 7, Selden E. Ball, Jr., Re: Ethernet Terminal Concentrators, comp.protocols.tcp-ip, Usenet
      CMU/TEK TCP/IP software uses an excessive amount of cpu resources for terminal support both outbound, when accessing another system, and inbound, when the local system is hosting a session.
    Kremvax hosts a variety of services.
Translations

See also

  • compere
  • guest
  • event
  • master of ceremonies

Etymology 2

From Middle English oost, borrowed from Old French ost, oste, hoste, from Latin hostis (“foreign enemy”) (as opposed to inimicus (“personal enemy”)); cognate with etymology 1 through an Indo-European root.

Noun

host (plural hosts)

  1. A multitude of people arrayed as an army; used also in religious senses, as: Heavenly host (of angels)
    • 1843 April, Thomas Carlyle, “ch. X, Plugson of Undershot”, in Past and Present, American edition, Boston, Mass.: Charles C[offin] Little and James Brown, published 1843, OCLC 191225086, book III (The Modern Worker):
      Why, Plugson, even thy own host is all in mutiny: Cotton is conquered; but the ‘bare backs’ — are worse covered than ever!
    • 1955 October 20, J[ohn] R[onald] R[euel] Tolkien, “chapter 4, The Field of Cormallen”, in The Return of the King: Being the Third Part of The Lord of the Rings […], New York, N.Y.: Ballantine Books, published December 1978, →ISBN:
      All about the hosts of Mordor raged.
    • 2001, Carlos Parada, Hesione 2, Greek Mythology Link
      the invading host that had sailed from Hellas in more than one thousand ships was of an unprecedented size.
  2. A large number of items; a large inventory.
    The dealer stocks a host of parts for my Model A.
    • 1802, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
      I wandered lonely as a cloud
      That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
      When all at once I saw a crowd,
      A host, of golden daffodils; […]
    • 1836, The Mirror of Literature, Amusement, and Instruction
      A short time since, some friends drinking tea one summer evening at their residence near Maidenhead, with all the windows of the drawing-room open, there suddenly burst in a host of small flies, which covered the table and the furniture […]
    • 2018 June 18, Phil McNulty, “Tunisia 1 – 2 England”, in BBC Sport‎, archived from the original on 21 April 2019:
      England ran Tunisia ragged in that spell but were punished for missing a host of chances when Ferjani Sassi equalised from the penalty spot against the run of play after Kyle Walker was penalised for an elbow on Fakhreddine Ben Youssef.
    • 2020 July 29, Ian Prosser discusses with Paul Stephen, “Rail needs robust and strategic plans”, in Rail, page 38:
      In the immediate term, there is a host of new operating procedures to be developed and to become familiarised with, in accordance with social distancing.
Derived terms
  • heavenly host
  • Lord of Hosts
Translations

Etymology 3

From Middle English host, oist, ost, from Old French hoiste, from Latin hostia (“sacrificial victim”). Doublet of hostie.

Noun

host (plural hosts)

  1. (Christianity) The consecrated bread of the Eucharist.
    • 1978, John Lydon (lyrics and music), “Religion II”, performed by Public Image Ltd.:
      Do you pray to the Holy Ghost when you suck your host? / Do you read who's dead in the Irish Post?
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

See also

  • hostage

Anagrams

  • HOTs, Soth, TOSH, Thos., Tosh, hots, oths, shot, tosh

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan ost, from Latin hostis, from Proto-Italic *hostis, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰóstis (“guest, stranger”).

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈɔst/

Noun

host f (plural hosts)

  1. army, troops

See also

  • exèrcit

References

  • “host” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “host”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “host” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “host” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Czech

FWOTD – 4 April 2013

Etymology

From Old Czech host, from Proto-Slavic *gostь.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɦost]
  • audio(file)

Noun

host m

  1. guest
    Host do domu, Bůh do domu.
    A guest into the house, God into the house. (old proverb, meaning: respect should be shown to guests)
    Host a ryba třetí den smrdí.
    The guest and the fish smell the third day.

Declension

Declension of host
singularplural
nominativehosthosti, hosté
genitivehostahostů, hostí
dativehostu, hostovihostům
accusativehostahosty
vocativehostehosti, hosté
locativehostu, hostovihostech
instrumentalhostemhosty
  • hostit
  • hostitel
  • hostina
  • hostinec
  • nehostinný
  • pohostinství

Further reading

  • host in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • host in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • host in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dutch

Etymology 1

From English host.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɦoːst/.
  • Rhymes: -ɔst

Noun

host m (plural hosts, diminutive hostje n)

  1. (computing) host
Derived terms
  • hosten

Etymology 2

From hossen.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɦɔst/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

host

  1. second- and third-person singular present indicative of hossen
  2. (archaic) plural imperative of hossen

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Related to hoste ("to cough").

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hust/
  • Rhymes: -ust

Noun

host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta or hostene)

  1. a single cough expulsion
Usage notes
  • Prior to a 2020 spelling revision, this noun was also considered masculine.

Etymology 2

From English host.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hɔust/
  • Rhymes: -ɔust

Noun

host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hoster, definite plural hostene)

  1. (computing) host
Synonyms
  • vertsmaskin

Verb

host

  1. imperative of hoste

References

  • “host” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

Related to hosta, hoste ("to cough").

Noun

host n (definite singular hostet, indefinite plural host, definite plural hosta)

  1. a single cough expulsion

Etymology 2

From English host.

Noun

host m (definite singular hosten, indefinite plural hostar, definite plural hostane)

  1. (computing) host
Synonyms
  • vertsmaskin

Verb

host

  1. imperative of hosta

References

  • “host” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from English host.

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)s.t͡ʃi/ [ˈho(ʊ̯)s.t͡ʃi]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)ʃ.t͡ʃi/ [ˈχo(ʊ̯)ʃ.t͡ʃi]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁo(w)s.te/ [ˈho(ʊ̯)s.te]

Noun

host m (plural hosts)

  1. (networking) host (computer attached to a network)

Slovene

Noun

hóst

  1. genitive dual/plural of họ̑sta

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from English host. Doublet of huésped.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxost/ [ˈxost̪]
  • Rhymes: -ost

Noun

host m or f (plural hosts)

  1. (computing, Internet) host (any computer attached to a network)
    Synonym: anfitrión
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