horior
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *heri, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer-. Cognate with Ancient Greek χαίρω (khaírō). The active was lost.
Verb
horior (present infinitive horī); third conjugation iō-variant, deponent, no perfect or supine stem
- (archaic, hapax) I encourage, urge
Conjugation
The only attested form of this verb is horitur, appearing once in Ennius:
- 239 BCE – 169 BCE, Ennius, Annales 432:
- […] prandere iubet horiturque
- he orders and encourages them to break their fast
- […] prandere iubet horiturque
Assuming that this fragmentary verse appears at the end of a line of dactylic hexameter, the vowel in horitur would be short, making horior a third-conjugation verb. This conjugation is listed in TLL, De Vaan and Lewis and Short.
| Conjugation of horior (third conjugation iō-variant, no supine stem, deponent, no perfect stem) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | horior | horeris, horere | horitur | horimur | horiminī | horiuntur |
| imperfect | horiēbar | horiēbāris, horiēbāre | horiēbātur | horiēbāmur | horiēbāminī | horiēbantur | |
| future | horiar | horiēris, horiēre | horiētur | horiēmur | horiēminī | horientur | |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | horiar | horiāris, horiāre | horiātur | horiāmur | horiāminī | horiantur |
| imperfect | horerer | horerēris, horerēre | horerētur | horerēmur | horerēminī | horerentur | |
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | horere | — | — | horiminī | — |
| future | — | horitor | horitor | — | — | horiuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | horī | — | — | — | — | — | |
| participles | horiēns | — | — | — | — | horiendus, horiundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| horiendī | horiendō | horiendum | horiendō | — | — | ||
On the other hand, Gaffiot gives it as a fourth-conjugation verb, perhaps on the basis of the archaic frequentative horitō (< *horitus), also attested in Ennius.
Derived terms
- hortor
References
- “horior”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- horior in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- “horior” in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present