hollti
Welsh
Etymology
From hollt (“cleft, fissure, split”) + -i, from Middle Welsh hollt, from Proto-Celtic *skoltā (“cleft, fissure”) (compare Irish scoilt), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kelH- (“to split, cut”).[1] Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *kallī (“forest, grove”).[2][3]
The original form of the verb was holli, which was then re-formed under the influence of hollt.
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈhɔɬdɪ/, [ˈhɔɬtɪ]
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈhɔɬdi/, [ˈhɔɬti]
- Rhymes: -ɔɬdɪ
Verb
hollti (first-person singular present holltaf, not mutable)
- to split, to cleave
Conjugation
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | holltaf | hollti | hyllt, hollta | holltwn | holltwch | holltant | holltir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional | holltwn | holltit | holltai | holltem | holltech | holltent | holltid | |
| preterite | holltais | holltaist | holltodd | holltasom | holltasoch | holltasant | holltwyd | |
| pluperfect | holltaswn | holltasit | holltasai | holltasem | holltasech | holltasent | holltasid, holltesid | |
| present subjunctive | holltwyf | holltych | hollto | holltom | holltoch | holltont | hollter | |
| imperative | — | hollta | hollted | holltwn | holltwch | holltent | hollter | |
| verbal noun | hollti | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | holltedig holltadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | hollta i, holltaf i | hollti di | holltith o/e/hi, holltiff e/hi | holltwn ni | holltwch chi | holltan nhw |
| conditional | holltwn i, holltswn i | holltet ti, holltset ti | holltai fo/fe/hi, holltsai fo/fe/hi | hollten ni, holltsen ni | holltech chi, holltsech chi | hollten nhw, holltsen nhw |
| preterite | holltais i, holltes i | holltaist ti, holltest ti | holltodd o/e/hi | hollton ni | holltoch chi | hollton nhw |
| imperative | — | hollta | — | — | holltwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “skolta”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 343
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 2675
- MacBain, Alexander; Mackay, Eneas (1911), “hollti”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN, page sgoilt
Further reading
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “hollti”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies