hoc
See also: HoC and học
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Catalan hoc, from Latin hoc (“this”). Cognate with Occitan òc and partially with French oui.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈɔk/
Particle
hoc
- (obsolete)yes (affirmation; commonly used to respond affirmatively to a question)
Adverb
hoc
- The opposite of 'not'.
- Voleu venir amb nosaltres? – Hoc vull venir!
- Do you want to come with us? – I do want to come.!
Usage notes
- Hoc has largely fallen into disuse in favour of sí.
Antonyms
- no
References
- “hoc” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “hoc” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Latin
Etymology 1
For *hod + -ce, from Proto-Italic *hod n sg (“this”) + *ke (“here”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰe (“discourse particle”) + *ḱe (“deictic particle”).
Alternative forms
- hocc, oc, occ
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /hok/, [hɔk]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ok/, [ɔk]
- Note: the final /k/ is always geminate if a vowel follows, e.g. hoc est [hɔk.kɛst]. Contrast hic, where the older prevocalic pronunciation had /k/, but a newer pronunciation, by analogy with the neuter hoc, had /kk/.
Determiner
hoc
- nominative/accusative neuter singular of hic (“this”)
Derived terms
- ecce hoc
- per hoc
- *eccum hoc
- *hoc ille
Descendants
- As a pronoun:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- Old Franco-Provençal: o
- Franco-Provençal: ho, o, ou
- Oïl:
- Old Bourbonnais-Berrichon: o
- Old French: o (only in early texts)
- Old Poitevin-Saintongeais: au, ou, o
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: au, ou, zou
- Old Franco-Provençal: o
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Aragonese: hu, hue (Ribagorçan)
- Catalan: ho
- Old Occitan: o, ou, vo, va, ag, ac, ec, heg
- Occitan: o, vo, va, ac, ec, at, a, zo
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- As an affirmative particle:
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
- ⇒ Old Franco-Provençal: dire que o (“say 'yes'”)
- Oïl:
- Franc-Comtois: o
- Lorrain: o
- Old French: ne dire ne o ne non (“say neither 'yes' nor 'no'”)
- Poitevin-Saintongeais: vâou, gao
- Southern Gallo-Romance:
- Old Catalan: hoc, oc, hoch
- Catalan: hoc ("indeed", adv.)
- Old Occitan: oc
- Occitan: òc
- Old Catalan: hoc, oc, hoch
- Northern Gallo-Romance:
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hic, haec, hoc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284
- Sornicola, Rosanna. 2011. Per la storia dei dimostrativi romanzi: i tipi neutri [tso], [so], [ço], [tʃo] e la diacronia dei dimostrativi latini. Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 127. 1–80. §2.1.3.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hŏc”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 441
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /hoːk/, [hoːk]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ok/, [ɔk]
Determiner
hōc
- ablative masculine/neuter singular of hic (“this”)
- (with a comparative, correlative of quod) for this reason, because of this
- 106 BCE – 43 BCE, Cicero, Pro Fonteio 17.8:
- ...quō maius crīmen sit id quod ostendātur falsum, hōc maiōrem ab eō iniūriam fierī, quī id cōnfingat.
- ...the more serious the accusation which is shown to be false, the greater the offense committed by the fabricator.
- ...quō maius crīmen sit id quod ostendātur falsum, hōc maiōrem ab eō iniūriam fierī, quī id cōnfingat.
Etymology 3
According to De Vaan (2008), from a masculine singular instrumental of Proto-Indo-European *gʰi-ḱe (“this, here”). Contrast Latin hūc, which is probably from the locative instead.
Adverb
hōc (not comparable)
- hither, to this place
- Synonyms: hūc, hōrsum
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hic, haec, hoc”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 284
Further reading
- “hoc”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “hoc”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- hoc in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- at this moment: hoc tempore
- this is the inscription on his tomb..: sepulcro (Dat.) or in sepulcro hoc inscriptum est
- this is quite another matter: hoc longe aliter, secus est
- what am I to do with this fellow: quid huic homini (also hoc homine) faciam?
- a wise man is in no way affected by this: hoc nihil ad sapientem pertinet
- it is incompatible with the nature of a wise man; the wise are superior to such things: hoc in sapientem non cadit
- to solace oneself with the thought..: hoc solacio frui, uti
- I console myself with..: hoc (illo) solacio me consōlor
- I blame this in you; I censure you for this: hoc in te reprehendo (not ob eam rem)
- I abide by this opinion: illud, hoc teneo
- this much is certain: hoc (not tantum) certum est
- what is the meaning of this: quid hoc sibi vult?
- what is the meaning of this: quid hoc rei est?
- what he said made a deep impression on..: hoc verbum alte descendit in pectus alicuius
- on this supposition, hypothesis: hoc posito
- it follows from what we have shown: hoc probato consequens est
- this goes to prove what I say: hoc est a (pro) me
- we have agreed on this point: hoc convēnit inter nos
- I agree with you there: hoc mihi tecum convēnit (Att. 6. 1. 14)
- at this point the question arises: hoc loco exsistit quaestio, quaeritur
- to translate freely: his fere verbis, hoc fere modo convertere, transferre
- the word carere means..: vox, nomen carendi or simply carere hoc significat (Tusc. 1. 36. 88)
- the word aemulatio is employed with two meanings, in a good and a bad sense: aemulatio dupliciter dicitur, ut et in laude et in vitio hoc nomen sit
- this word is neuter: hoc vocabulum generis neutri (not neutrius) est)
- this is a proverb among the Greeks: hoc est Graecis hominibus in proverbio
- the book treats of friendship: hic liber est de amicitia (not agit) or hoc libro agitur de am.
- our (not noster) author tells us at this point: scriptor hoc loco dicit
- a letter, the tenor of which is..: litterae hoc exemplo (Att. 9. 6. 3)
- this is a characteristic of virtue, it..: virtus hoc habet, ut...
- I drink your health: propīno tibi hoc (poculum, salutem)
- during this brilliant consulship: in hoc praeclaro consulatu
- to use this example: ut hoc utar or afferam
- I will only say this much..: tantum or unum illud or hoc dico
- this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc dici potest de aliqua re
- this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc cadit in aliquid
- this can be said of..., applies to..: hoc transferri potest in aliquid
- more of this another time: sed de hoc alias pluribus
- there is this also to notice: atque etiam hoc animadvertendum est
- let us leave that undecided: hoc in medio relinquamus
- it is clear, evident: hoc in promptu est
- it is clear, evident: hoc in aperto est
- this is as clear as daylight: hoc est luce (sole ipso) clarius
- that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc facile intellegi potest
- that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc per se intellegitur
- that is self-evident, goes without saying: hoc sua sponte appāret
- but this is not to the point: sed hoc nihil (sane) ad rem
- at this moment: hoc tempore
Old English
Etymology 1
Unknown.
Alternative forms
- hocc
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xok/, [hok]
Noun
hoc m (nominative plural hoccas)
- marshmallow (plant)
Declension
Declension of hoc (strong a-stem)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | hoc | hoccas |
accusative | hoc | hoccas |
genitive | hocces | hocca |
dative | hocce | hoccum |
Synonyms
- cottuc
- merscmealwe
Descendants
- hollyhock
Etymology 2
From Proto-West Germanic *hōk, from Proto-Germanic *hōkaz.
Alternative forms
- hooc
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xoːk/, [hoːk]
Noun
hōc m
- angle, (of land): point
- hook
Declension
Declension of hoc (strong a-stem)
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | hōc | hōcas |
accusative | hōc | hōcas |
genitive | hōces | hōca |
dative | hōce | hōcum |
Descendants
- hook