hlofa
Zulu
Verb
-hlofa
- (intransitive) to be fearless
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukuhlofa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukuhlofa | ukungahlofi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | hlofa | -hlofe | |||||||
Plural | hlofani | -hlofeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyahlofa, ngihlofa | engihlofayo, engihlofa | ngihlofa | angihlofi | engingahlofi | ngingahlofi | |||
2nd singular | uyahlofa, uhlofa | ohlofayo, ohlofa | uhlofa | awuhlofi | ongahlofi | ungahlofi | |||
1st plural | siyahlofa, sihlofa | esihlofayo, esihlofa | sihlofa | asihlofi | esingahlofi | singahlofi | |||
2nd plural | niyahlofa, nihlofa | enihlofayo, enihlofa | nihlofa | anihlofi | eningahlofi | ningahlofi | |||
Class 1 | uyahlofa, uhlofa | ohlofayo, ohlofa | ehlofa | akahlofi | ongahlofi | engahlofi | |||
Class 2 | bayahlofa, bahlofa | abahlofayo, abahlofa | behlofa | abahlofi | abangahlofi | bengahlofi | |||
Class 3 | uyahlofa, uhlofa | ohlofayo, ohlofa | uhlofa | awuhlofi | ongahlofi | ungahlofi | |||
Class 4 | iyahlofa, ihlofa | ehlofayo, ehlofa | ihlofa | ayihlofi | engahlofi | ingahlofi | |||
Class 5 | liyahlofa, lihlofa | elihlofayo, elihlofa | lihlofa | alihlofi | elingahlofi | lingahlofi | |||
Class 6 | ayahlofa, ahlofa | ahlofayo, ahlofa | ehlofa | awahlofi | angahlofi | engahlofi | |||
Class 7 | siyahlofa, sihlofa | esihlofayo, esihlofa | sihlofa | asihlofi | esingahlofi | singahlofi | |||
Class 8 | ziyahlofa, zihlofa | ezihlofayo, ezihlofa | zihlofa | azihlofi | ezingahlofi | zingahlofi | |||
Class 9 | iyahlofa, ihlofa | ehlofayo, ehlofa | ihlofa | ayihlofi | engahlofi | ingahlofi | |||
Class 10 | ziyahlofa, zihlofa | ezihlofayo, ezihlofa | zihlofa | azihlofi | ezingahlofi | zingahlofi | |||
Class 11 | luyahlofa, luhlofa | oluhlofayo, oluhlofa | luhlofa | aluhlofi | olungahlofi | lungahlofi | |||
Class 14 | buyahlofa, buhlofa | obuhlofayo, obuhlofa | buhlofa | abuhlofi | obungahlofi | bungahlofi | |||
Class 15 | kuyahlofa, kuhlofa | okuhlofayo, okuhlofa | kuhlofa | akuhlofi | okungahlofi | kungahlofi | |||
Class 17 | kuyahlofa, kuhlofa | okuhlofayo, okuhlofa | kuhlofa | akuhlofi | okungahlofi | kungahlofi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngihlofile, ngihlofē | engihlofile, engihlofē | ngihlofile, ngihlofē | angihlofanga | engingahlofanga | ngingahlofanga | |||
2nd singular | uhlofile, uhlofē | ohlofile, ohlofē | uhlofile, uhlofē | awuhlofanga | ongahlofanga | ungahlofanga | |||
1st plural | sihlofile, sihlofē | esihlofile, esihlofē | sihlofile, sihlofē | asihlofanga | esingahlofanga | singahlofanga | |||
2nd plural | nihlofile, nihlofē | enihlofile, enihlofē | nihlofile, nihlofē | anihlofanga | eningahlofanga | ningahlofanga | |||
Class 1 | uhlofile, uhlofē | ohlofile, ohlofē | ehlofile, ehlofē | akahlofanga | ongahlofanga | engahlofanga | |||
Class 2 | bahlofile, bahlofē | abahlofile, abahlofē | behlofile, behlofē | abahlofanga | abangahlofanga | bengahlofanga | |||
Class 3 | uhlofile, uhlofē | ohlofile, ohlofē | uhlofile, uhlofē | awuhlofanga | ongahlofanga | ungahlofanga | |||
Class 4 | ihlofile, ihlofē | ehlofile, ehlofē | ihlofile, ihlofē | ayihlofanga | engahlofanga | ingahlofanga | |||
Class 5 | lihlofile, lihlofē | elihlofile, elihlofē | lihlofile, lihlofē | alihlofanga | elingahlofanga | lingahlofanga | |||
Class 6 | ahlofile, ahlofē | ahlofile, ahlofē | ehlofile, ehlofē | awahlofanga | angahlofanga | engahlofanga | |||
Class 7 | sihlofile, sihlofē | esihlofile, esihlofē | sihlofile, sihlofē | asihlofanga | esingahlofanga | singahlofanga | |||
Class 8 | zihlofile, zihlofē | ezihlofile, ezihlofē | zihlofile, zihlofē | azihlofanga | ezingahlofanga | zingahlofanga | |||
Class 9 | ihlofile, ihlofē | ehlofile, ehlofē | ihlofile, ihlofē | ayihlofanga | engahlofanga | ingahlofanga | |||
Class 10 | zihlofile, zihlofē | ezihlofile, ezihlofē | zihlofile, zihlofē | azihlofanga | ezingahlofanga | zingahlofanga | |||
Class 11 | luhlofile, luhlofē | oluhlofile, oluhlofē | luhlofile, luhlofē | aluhlofanga | olungahlofanga | lungahlofanga | |||
Class 14 | buhlofile, buhlofē | obuhlofile, obuhlofē | buhlofile, buhlofē | abuhlofanga | obungahlofanga | bungahlofanga | |||
Class 15 | kuhlofile, kuhlofē | okuhlofile, okuhlofē | kuhlofile, kuhlofē | akuhlofanga | okungahlofanga | kungahlofanga | |||
Class 17 | kuhlofile, kuhlofē | okuhlofile, okuhlofē | kuhlofile, kuhlofē | akuhlofanga | okungahlofanga | kungahlofanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāhlofa | engāhlofa | ngāhlofa | angihlofanga | engingahlofanga | ngingahlofanga | |||
2nd singular | wāhlofa | owāhlofa | wāhlofa | awuhlofanga | ongahlofanga | ungahlofanga | |||
1st plural | sāhlofa | esāhlofa | sāhlofa | asihlofanga | esingahlofanga | singahlofanga | |||
2nd plural | nāhlofa | enāhlofa | nāhlofa | anihlofanga | eningahlofanga | ningahlofanga | |||
Class 1 | wāhlofa | owāhlofa | āhlofa | akahlofanga | ongahlofanga | engahlofanga | |||
Class 2 | bāhlofa | abāhlofa | bāhlofa | abahlofanga | abangahlofanga | bengahlofanga | |||
Class 3 | wāhlofa | owāhlofa | wāhlofa | awuhlofanga | ongahlofanga | ungahlofanga | |||
Class 4 | yāhlofa | eyāhlofa | yāhlofa | ayihlofanga | engahlofanga | ingahlofanga | |||
Class 5 | lāhlofa | elāhlofa | lāhlofa | alihlofanga | elingahlofanga | lingahlofanga | |||
Class 6 | āhlofa | āhlofa | āhlofa | awahlofanga | angahlofanga | engahlofanga | |||
Class 7 | sāhlofa | esāhlofa | sāhlofa | asihlofanga | esingahlofanga | singahlofanga | |||
Class 8 | zāhlofa | ezāhlofa | zāhlofa | azihlofanga | ezingahlofanga | zingahlofanga | |||
Class 9 | yāhlofa | eyāhlofa | yāhlofa | ayihlofanga | engahlofanga | ingahlofanga | |||
Class 10 | zāhlofa | ezāhlofa | zāhlofa | azihlofanga | ezingahlofanga | zingahlofanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāhlofa | olwāhlofa | lwāhlofa | aluhlofanga | olungahlofanga | lungahlofanga | |||
Class 14 | bāhlofa | obāhlofa | bāhlofa | abuhlofanga | obungahlofanga | bungahlofanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāhlofa | okwāhlofa | kwāhlofa | akuhlofanga | okungahlofanga | kungahlofanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāhlofa | okwāhlofa | kwāhlofa | akuhlofanga | okungahlofanga | kungahlofanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingahlofa | — | ngingahlofa | ngingehlofe | — | ngingehlofe | |||
2nd singular | ungahlofa | — | ungahlofa | ungehlofe | — | ungehlofe | |||
1st plural | singahlofa | — | singahlofa | singehlofe | — | singehlofe | |||
2nd plural | ningahlofa | — | ningahlofa | ningehlofe | — | ningehlofe | |||
Class 1 | angahlofa | — | engahlofa | angehlofe | — | engehlofe | |||
Class 2 | bangahlofa | — | bengahlofa | bangehlofe | — | bengehlofe | |||
Class 3 | ungahlofa | — | ungahlofa | ungehlofe | — | ungehlofe | |||
Class 4 | ingahlofa | — | ingahlofa | ingehlofe | — | ingehlofe | |||
Class 5 | lingahlofa | — | lingahlofa | lingehlofe | — | lingehlofe | |||
Class 6 | angahlofa | — | engahlofa | angehlofe | — | engehlofe | |||
Class 7 | singahlofa | — | singahlofa | singehlofe | — | singehlofe | |||
Class 8 | zingahlofa | — | zingahlofa | zingehlofe | — | zingehlofe | |||
Class 9 | ingahlofa | — | ingahlofa | ingehlofe | — | ingehlofe | |||
Class 10 | zingahlofa | — | zingahlofa | zingehlofe | — | zingehlofe | |||
Class 11 | lungahlofa | — | lungahlofa | lungehlofe | — | lungehlofe | |||
Class 14 | bungahlofa | — | bungahlofa | bungehlofe | — | bungehlofe | |||
Class 15 | kungahlofa | — | kungahlofa | kungehlofe | — | kungehlofe | |||
Class 17 | kungahlofa | — | kungahlofa | kungehlofe | — | kungehlofe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizohlofa | engizohlofa | ngizohlofa | angizuhlofa | engingezuhlofa | ngingezuhlofa | |||
2nd singular | uzohlofa | ozohlofa | uzohlofa | awuzuhlofa | ongezuhlofa | ungezuhlofa | |||
1st plural | sizohlofa | esizohlofa | sizohlofa | asizuhlofa | esingezuhlofa | singezuhlofa | |||
2nd plural | nizohlofa | enizohlofa | nizohlofa | anizuhlofa | eningezuhlofa | ningezuhlofa | |||
Class 1 | uzohlofa | ozohlofa | ezohlofa | akazuhlofa | ongezuhlofa | engezuhlofa | |||
Class 2 | bazohlofa | abazohlofa | bezohlofa | abazuhlofa | abangezuhlofa | bengezuhlofa | |||
Class 3 | uzohlofa | ozohlofa | uzohlofa | awuzuhlofa | ongezuhlofa | ungezuhlofa | |||
Class 4 | izohlofa | ezohlofa | izohlofa | ayizuhlofa | engezuhlofa | ingezuhlofa | |||
Class 5 | lizohlofa | elizohlofa | lizohlofa | alizuhlofa | elingezuhlofa | lingezuhlofa | |||
Class 6 | azohlofa | azohlofa | ezohlofa | awazuhlofa | angezuhlofa | engezuhlofa | |||
Class 7 | sizohlofa | esizohlofa | sizohlofa | asizuhlofa | esingezuhlofa | singezuhlofa | |||
Class 8 | zizohlofa | ezizohlofa | zizohlofa | azizuhlofa | ezingezuhlofa | zingezuhlofa | |||
Class 9 | izohlofa | ezohlofa | izohlofa | ayizuhlofa | engezuhlofa | ingezuhlofa | |||
Class 10 | zizohlofa | ezizohlofa | zizohlofa | azizuhlofa | ezingezuhlofa | zingezuhlofa | |||
Class 11 | luzohlofa | oluzohlofa | luzohlofa | aluzuhlofa | olungezuhlofa | lungezuhlofa | |||
Class 14 | buzohlofa | obuzohlofa | buzohlofa | abuzuhlofa | obungezuhlofa | bungezuhlofa | |||
Class 15 | kuzohlofa | okuzohlofa | kuzohlofa | akuzuhlofa | okungezuhlofa | kungezuhlofa | |||
Class 17 | kuzohlofa | okuzohlofa | kuzohlofa | akuzuhlofa | okungezuhlofa | kungezuhlofa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyohlofa | engiyohlofa | ngiyohlofa | angiyuhlofa | engingeyuhlofa | ngingeyuhlofa | |||
2nd singular | uyohlofa | oyohlofa | uyohlofa | awuyuhlofa | ongeyuhlofa | ungeyuhlofa | |||
1st plural | siyohlofa | esiyohlofa | siyohlofa | asiyuhlofa | esingeyuhlofa | singeyuhlofa | |||
2nd plural | niyohlofa | eniyohlofa | niyohlofa | aniyuhlofa | eningeyuhlofa | ningeyuhlofa | |||
Class 1 | uyohlofa | oyohlofa | eyohlofa | akayuhlofa | ongeyuhlofa | engeyuhlofa | |||
Class 2 | bayohlofa | abayohlofa | beyohlofa | abayuhlofa | abangeyuhlofa | bengeyuhlofa | |||
Class 3 | uyohlofa | oyohlofa | uyohlofa | awuyuhlofa | ongeyuhlofa | ungeyuhlofa | |||
Class 4 | iyohlofa | eyohlofa | iyohlofa | ayiyuhlofa | engeyuhlofa | ingeyuhlofa | |||
Class 5 | liyohlofa | eliyohlofa | liyohlofa | aliyuhlofa | elingeyuhlofa | lingeyuhlofa | |||
Class 6 | ayohlofa | ayohlofa | eyohlofa | awayuhlofa | angeyuhlofa | engeyuhlofa | |||
Class 7 | siyohlofa | esiyohlofa | siyohlofa | asiyuhlofa | esingeyuhlofa | singeyuhlofa | |||
Class 8 | ziyohlofa | eziyohlofa | ziyohlofa | aziyuhlofa | ezingeyuhlofa | zingeyuhlofa | |||
Class 9 | iyohlofa | eyohlofa | iyohlofa | ayiyuhlofa | engeyuhlofa | ingeyuhlofa | |||
Class 10 | ziyohlofa | eziyohlofa | ziyohlofa | aziyuhlofa | ezingeyuhlofa | zingeyuhlofa | |||
Class 11 | luyohlofa | oluyohlofa | luyohlofa | aluyuhlofa | olungeyuhlofa | lungeyuhlofa | |||
Class 14 | buyohlofa | obuyohlofa | buyohlofa | abuyuhlofa | obungeyuhlofa | bungeyuhlofa | |||
Class 15 | kuyohlofa | okuyohlofa | kuyohlofa | akuyuhlofa | okungeyuhlofa | kungeyuhlofa | |||
Class 17 | kuyohlofa | okuyohlofa | kuyohlofa | akuyuhlofa | okungeyuhlofa | kungeyuhlofa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngihlofe | ngingahlofi | |||||||
2nd singular | uhlofe | ungahlofi | |||||||
1st plural | sihlofe | singahlofi | |||||||
2nd plural | nihlofe | ningahlofi | |||||||
Class 1 | ahlofe | angahlofi | |||||||
Class 2 | bahlofe | bangahlofi | |||||||
Class 3 | uhlofe | ungahlofi | |||||||
Class 4 | ihlofe | ingahlofi | |||||||
Class 5 | lihlofe | lingahlofi | |||||||
Class 6 | ahlofe | angahlofi | |||||||
Class 7 | sihlofe | singahlofi | |||||||
Class 8 | zihlofe | zingahlofi | |||||||
Class 9 | ihlofe | ingahlofi | |||||||
Class 10 | zihlofe | zingahlofi | |||||||
Class 11 | luhlofe | lungahlofi | |||||||
Class 14 | buhlofe | bungahlofi | |||||||
Class 15 | kuhlofe | kungahlofi | |||||||
Class 17 | kuhlofe | kungahlofi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngahlofa | ngangahlofa, angahlofa, angangahlofa | |||||||
2nd singular | wahlofa | wangahlofa, awahlofa, awangahlofa | |||||||
1st plural | sahlofa | sangahlofa, asahlofa, asangahlofa | |||||||
2nd plural | nahlofa | nangahlofa, anahlofa, anangahlofa | |||||||
Class 1 | wahlofa | wangahlofa, akahlofa, akangahlofa | |||||||
Class 2 | bahlofa | bangahlofa, abahlofa, abangahlofa | |||||||
Class 3 | wahlofa | wangahlofa, awahlofa, awangahlofa | |||||||
Class 4 | yahlofa | yangahlofa, ayahlofa, ayangahlofa | |||||||
Class 5 | lahlofa | langahlofa, alahlofa, alangahlofa | |||||||
Class 6 | ahlofa | angahlofa, awahlofa, awangahlofa | |||||||
Class 7 | sahlofa | sangahlofa, asahlofa, asangahlofa | |||||||
Class 8 | zahlofa | zangahlofa, azahlofa, azangahlofa | |||||||
Class 9 | yahlofa | yangahlofa, ayahlofa, ayangahlofa | |||||||
Class 10 | zahlofa | zangahlofa, azahlofa, azangahlofa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwahlofa | lwangahlofa, alwahlofa, alwangahlofa | |||||||
Class 14 | bahlofa | bangahlofa, abahlofa, abangahlofa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwahlofa | kwangahlofa, akwahlofa, akwangahlofa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwahlofa | kwangahlofa, akwahlofa, akwangahlofa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972) , “hlofa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlofa (6.3)”