hipoa
Finnish
Etymology
From hip- + -oa. Probably the same root with hioa (in which case the -p- might be analogous to other gradation patterns; compare hivellä).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhipoɑˣ/, [ˈhipo̞ɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ipoɑ
- Syllabification(key): hi‧po‧a
Verb
hipoa
- to graze, (barely) touch, to verge on
- Näin lentokoneen hipovan puitten latvoja.
- I could see the airplane graze the treetops.
- Jelena Isinbajeva hipoi maailmanennätystä Lontoossa.
- Yelena Isinbayeva came close to a world record in London.
Conjugation
| Inflection of hipoa (Kotus type 52*E/sanoa, p-v gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hivon | en hivo | 1st sing. | olen hiponut | en ole hiponut | |
| 2nd sing. | hivot | et hivo | 2nd sing. | olet hiponut | et ole hiponut | |
| 3rd sing. | hipoo | ei hivo | 3rd sing. | on hiponut | ei ole hiponut | |
| 1st plur. | hivomme | emme hivo | 1st plur. | olemme hiponeet | emme ole hiponeet | |
| 2nd plur. | hivotte | ette hivo | 2nd plur. | olette hiponeet | ette ole hiponeet | |
| 3rd plur. | hipovat | eivät hivo | 3rd plur. | ovat hiponeet | eivät ole hiponeet | |
| passive | hivotaan | ei hivota | passive | on hivottu | ei ole hivottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hivoin | en hiponut | 1st sing. | olin hiponut | en ollut hiponut | |
| 2nd sing. | hivoit | et hiponut | 2nd sing. | olit hiponut | et ollut hiponut | |
| 3rd sing. | hipoi | ei hiponut | 3rd sing. | oli hiponut | ei ollut hiponut | |
| 1st plur. | hivoimme | emme hiponeet | 1st plur. | olimme hiponeet | emme olleet hiponeet | |
| 2nd plur. | hivoitte | ette hiponeet | 2nd plur. | olitte hiponeet | ette olleet hiponeet | |
| 3rd plur. | hipoivat | eivät hiponeet | 3rd plur. | olivat hiponeet | eivät olleet hiponeet | |
| passive | hivottiin | ei hivottu | passive | oli hivottu | ei ollut hivottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hipoisin | en hipoisi | 1st sing. | olisin hiponut | en olisi hiponut | |
| 2nd sing. | hipoisit | et hipoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit hiponut | et olisi hiponut | |
| 3rd sing. | hipoisi | ei hipoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi hiponut | ei olisi hiponut | |
| 1st plur. | hipoisimme | emme hipoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme hiponeet | emme olisi hiponeet | |
| 2nd plur. | hipoisitte | ette hipoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte hiponeet | ette olisi hiponeet | |
| 3rd plur. | hipoisivat | eivät hipoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat hiponeet | eivät olisi hiponeet | |
| passive | hivottaisiin | ei hivottaisi | passive | olisi hivottu | ei olisi hivottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | hivo | älä hivo | 2nd sing. | ole hiponut | älä ole hiponut | |
| 3rd sing. | hipokoon | älköön hipoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon hiponut | älköön olko hiponut | |
| 1st plur. | hipokaamme | älkäämme hipoko | 1st plur. | olkaamme hiponeet | älkäämme olko hiponeet | |
| 2nd plur. | hipokaa | älkää hipoko | 2nd plur. | olkaa hiponeet | älkää olko hiponeet | |
| 3rd plur. | hipokoot | älkööt hipoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot hiponeet | älkööt olko hiponeet | |
| passive | hivottakoon | älköön hivottako | passive | olkoon hivottu | älköön olko hivottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | hiponen | en hipone | 1st sing. | lienen hiponut | en liene hiponut | |
| 2nd sing. | hiponet | et hipone | 2nd sing. | lienet hiponut | et liene hiponut | |
| 3rd sing. | hiponee | ei hipone | 3rd sing. | lienee hiponut | ei liene hiponut | |
| 1st plur. | hiponemme | emme hipone | 1st plur. | lienemme hiponeet | emme liene hiponeet | |
| 2nd plur. | hiponette | ette hipone | 2nd plur. | lienette hiponeet | ette liene hiponeet | |
| 3rd plur. | hiponevat | eivät hipone | 3rd plur. | lienevät hiponeet | eivät liene hiponeet | |
| passive | hivottaneen | ei hivottane | passive | lienee hivottu | ei liene hivottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | hipoa | present | hipova | hivottava | ||
| long 1st2 | hipoakseen | past | hiponut | hivottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | hipoessa | hivottaessa | agent1, 3 | hipoma | |
| instructive | hipoen | — | negative | hipomaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | hipomassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | hipomasta | — | ||||
| illative | hipomaan | — | ||||
| adessive | hipomalla | — | ||||
| abessive | hipomatta | — | ||||
| instructive | hipoman | hivottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | hipominen | ||||
| partitive | hipomista | |||||
| 5th2 | hipomaisillaan | |||||
Related terms
- hipaista
References
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN