hibernum
Latin
Alternative forms
- hybernum (medieval)
Etymology
Ellipsis of hībernum tempus, literally 'wintry time'. Eventually came to replace hiems (“winter”) in the development from Latin to Romance.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /hiːˈber.num/, [hiːˈbɛrnʊ̃ˑ]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /iˈber.num/, [iˈbɛrnum]
Noun
hībernum n (genitive hībernī); second declension
- winter
- Synonym: hiems
- (in the plural) winter quarters
Declension
Second-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | hībernum | hīberna |
Genitive | hībernī | hībernōrum |
Dative | hībernō | hībernīs |
Accusative | hībernum | hīberna |
Ablative | hībernō | hībernīs |
Vocative | hībernum | hīberna |
Adjective
hībernum
- inflection of hībernus:
- nominative/accusative/vocative neuter singular
- accusative masculine singular
Related terms
- hībernāculum
- hībernālis
- hībernō
- hībernus
Descendants
- Eastern Romance:
- Aromanian: earnã, iarã
- Romanian: iarnă
- Old Occitan: ivern
- Catalan: hivern
- Occitan: ivèrn
- Old French: hyvier, yver, iver
- Middle French: hyver
- French: hiver
- Norman: hivé
- Walloon: ivier
- Middle French: hyver
- Sardinian:
- Campidanese: ierru
- Logudorese: jerru, ierru
- Nuorese: iberru, ivverru
- West Iberian:
- Old Leonese:
- Asturian: iviernu, hibiernu
- Leonese: hibiernu
- Old Spanish: yvierno
- Old Leonese:
- Vulgar Latin: *invernum
- Gallo-Italic:
- Piedmontese: invern
- Italo-Dalmatian:
- Dalmatian: inviarno
- Italian: inverno
- Sicilian: nvèrnu
- Rhaeto-Romance:
- Friulian: unviêr
- Romansch: enviern
- Venetian: inverno
- West Iberian:
- Old Portuguese: inverno
- Galician: inverno
- Portuguese: inverno
- Old Spanish: ynvierno
- Spanish: invierno
- Old Portuguese: inverno
- Gallo-Italic:
References
- hibernum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
- (ambiguous) winter-quarters, summer-quarters: castra hiberna, aestiva
- (ambiguous) to take the troops to their winter-quarters: milites in hibernis collocare, in hiberna deducere
- (ambiguous) in spring, summer, autumn, winter time: verno, aestivo, auctumnali, hiberno tempore
- Adams, James Noel. 1976. The text and language of a Vulgar Latin chronicle (Anonymous Valesianus II). London: Institute of Classical Studies. Page 83.