hawk
English
A hawk
Pronunciation
- (UK) enPR: hôk, IPA(key): /hɔːk/
- (US) enPR: hôk, IPA(key): /hɔk/
- (cot–caught merger) enPR: häk, IPA(key): /hɑk/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɔːk
- Homophone: hock (accents with cot-caught merger)
Etymology 1
From Middle English hauk, hauke, hawke, havek, from Old English hafoc (“hawk”), from Proto-West Germanic *habuk, from Proto-Germanic *habukaz (compare West Frisian hauk, German Low German Haavke, Dutch havik, German Habicht, Swedish hök, Danish høg, Norwegian Bokmål hauk, Norwegian Nynorsk hauk, Faroese heykur, Icelandic haukur), from Proto-Indo-European *kopuǵos (compare Latin capys, capus (“bird of prey”), Albanian gabonjë, shkabë (“eagle”), Russian ко́бец (kóbec, “falcon”), Polish kobuz (“Eurasian Hobby”)), perhaps ultimately derived from *keh₂p- (“seize”).
Noun
hawk (plural hawks)
- A diurnal predatory bird of the family Accipitridae, smaller than an eagle.
- It is illegal to hunt hawks or other raptors in many parts of the world.
- c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, OCLC 8728872, lines 47–48, page 63:
- He made his hawke to fly,
With hogeous showte and cry.
- Any diurnal predatory terrestrial bird of similar size and appearance to the accipitrid hawks, such as a falcon.
- (entomology) Any of various species of dragonfly of the genera Apocordulia and Austrocordulia, endemic to Australia.
- (politics) An advocate of aggressive political positions and actions. [from 1962]
- Synonyms: warmonger, war hawk
- Antonym: dove
- 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 106:
- A hawk by nature, Ellenborough strongly favoured presenting St Petersburg with an ultimatum warning that any further incursions into Persia would be regarded as a hostile act.
- 2012 October 11 [1962], Michael Dobbs, quoting McGeorge Bundy, “The original hawks and doves”, in Foreign Policy:
- “Everybody knows who were the hawks and who were the doves,” Bundy told the ExComm on the morning of October 28, after Khrushchev announced that he was withdrawing his missiles. “Today was the day of the doves.”
- 2019, “The World in 2020”, in The Economist:
- President Donald Trump has spent years playing the role of a China hawk.
- (game theory) An uncooperative or purely-selfish participant in an exchange or game, especially when untrusting, acquisitive or treacherous. Refers specifically to the Prisoner's Dilemma, alias the Hawk-Dove game.
- Antonym: dove
Hyponyms
- African harrier hawk
- aspere-hawk
- ball hawk
- bat hawk
- bay-winged hawk
- bee hawk
- bicoloured hawk
- bird hawk
- black hawk
- blue hawk
- broad-winged hawk
- brown hawk
- bush hawk
- buteo hawk
- buzzard hawk
- carrion hawk
- cherry hawk
- chicken hawk, chicken-hawk, chickenhawk
- cliff hawk
- common black hawk
- Cooper's hawk
- crane hawk
- crested hawk
- cuckoo hawk
- deficit hawk
- dor-hawk, dorhawk, dorrhawk
- dove hawk
- duck hawk, duck-hawk
- eagle hawk, eagle-hawk, eaglehawk
- ferruginous hawk
- fish hawk, fish-hawk, fishhawk
- Galápagos hawk
- game hawk
- gnat hawk, gnat-hawk
- gopher hawk
- grasshopper hawk
- gray hawk, grey hawk
- gray-lined hawk, grey-lined hawk
- great black hawk
- great-footed hawk
- Gundlach's hawk
- Harlan's hawk
- harrier hawk
- Harris's hawk
- Hawaiian hawk
- hen hawk, hen-hawk
- hobby hawk
- hover-hawk
- jack-hawk
- jashawk
- Jayhawk
- jiddy hawk
- killy hawk
- kitchen hawk
- kite hawk
- kitty hawk
- Krider's hawk
- lark-hawk
- liberal hawk
- long-tailed hawk
- Lucifer hawk
- make-hawk
- mangrove black hawk
- man-of-war hawk
- mar-hawk
- market-hawk
- marsh hawk
- meadowhawk
- molly hawk
- moor hawk
- mosquito hawk
- moth-hawk
- mountain hawk
- mouse hawk, mouse-hawk
- mullet hawk
- news-hawk, newshawk
- night hawk, night-hawk
- pap-hawk
- partridge-hawk
- passage hawk
- peregrine hawk
- perry hawk
- pigeon hawk, pigeon-hawk
- plain-breasted hawk
- pondhawk
- prairie hawk
- quail hawk
- red hawk
- red-shouldered hawk
- red-tailed hawk
- Ridgway's hawk
- ringtail hawk
- rock hawk
- rook hawk
- rough-legged hawk
- rufous-thighed hawk
- savanna hawk
- screech hawk, screech-hawk
- sea hawk, sea-hawk
- semicollared hawk
- sharp-shinned hawk
- shite-hawk
- short-tailed hawk
- shower hawk
- skeeter hawk
- small-bird-hawk
- smoke hawk (Circus assimilis)
- snake hawk
- snipe hawk
- sparrow hawk, sparrow-hawk, sparrowhawk
- squirrel hawk
- stand hawk
- stannel hawk
- star-hawk
- stone hawk
- Swainson's hawk
- swallow-tailed hawk
- tarantula hawk
- tiny hawk
- vanner hawk
- war hawk, war-hawk
- whistling hawk
- white-breasted hawk
- white hawk
- white-throated hawk
- zone-tailed hawk
Derived terms
- between hawk and buzzard
- have eyes like a hawk
- hawk-cuckoo (Hierococcyx)
- hawk-dove game
- hawk eagle/hawk-eagle
- hawked
- hawker
- hawkery
- hawk eye/hawk-eye/hawk-eyed
- hawkfish
- hawk fly/hawk-fly
- hawk-headed parrot
- hawkish
- hawkishness
- hawkism
- hawkist
- hawk-kite
- hawkless
- hawklet
- hawk-like, hawklike
- hawkling
- hawk moth, hawk-moth, hawkmoth
- hawk-nosed
- hawk nose, hawk-nose, hawknose
- hawk-nut, hawknut
- hawk of the fist
- hawk of the lure
- hawk of the sea
- hawk of the soar
- hawk owl, hawk-owl
- hawk-parrot
- hawk's beard, hawk's-beard, hawksbeard
- hawk's bell
- hawk's bill, hawksbill
- hawk's-bill turtle, hawksbill turtle
- hawk's eye, hawk's-eye
- hawk's-feet
- hawk's-foot
- hawk's meat
- hawk swallow, hawk-swallow
- hawkweed
- hawkwise
- hawky
- know a hawk from a handsaw
- watch (someone or something) like a hawk
Related terms
- creshawk
- goshawk
- sparhawk
Related terms
- creshawk
- goshawk
- sparhawk
Descendants
- Sranan Tongo: aka
Translations
predatory bird of Accipitridae
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similar bird
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advocate of aggressive politics
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game theory: type of player
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
- (transitive) To hunt with a hawk.
- c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, OCLC 8728872, lines 9–10, page 62:
- To hawke, or els to hunt
From the auter to the funt
- 2003, Brenda Joyce, House of Dreams, page 175:
- He rode astride while hawking; she falconed in the ladylike position of sidesaddle.
-
- (intransitive) To make an attack while on the wing; to soar and strike like a hawk.
- to hawk at flies
- c. 1606 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Macbeth”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iv]:
- A falcon, towering in her pride of place, / Was by a mousing owl hawked at and killed.
- 1687, [John Dryden], “(please specify the page number(s))”, in The Hind and the Panther. A Poem, in Three Parts, 2nd edition, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson […], OCLC 460679539:
- But whether upward to the moon they go, Or dream the winter out in caves below, Or hawk at flies elsewhere
- 1999, Simpson and Day, The Birds of Australia, page 366:
- Dollarbirds hawk from high bare branches.
Derived terms
- hawk after
- hawk at
- hawk for
- hawker
- hawking
Translations
to hunt with a hawk
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Etymology 2
Uncertain; perhaps from Middle English hache (“battle-axe”), or from a variant use of the above.
Noun
hawk (plural hawks)
- A plasterer's tool, made of a flat surface with a handle below, used to hold an amount of plaster prior to application to the wall or ceiling being worked on: a mortarboard.
- Synonym: mortarboard
Derived terms
- hawk boy, hawk-boy
Translations
plasterer's tool
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Etymology 3
Back-formation from hawker.
Verb
hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
- (transitive) To sell; to offer for sale by outcry in the street; to carry (merchandise) about from place to place for sale; to peddle.
- The vendors were hawking their wares from little tables lining either side of the market square.
- 1713, Jonathan Swift, Imitation of Horace, Book I. Ep. VII.
- His works were hawked in every street.
Derived terms
- hawked
- hawkery
- hawking
- hawky
Related terms
- hawker
Translations
to sell
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Etymology 4
Onomatopoeic.
Noun
hawk (plural hawks)
- A noisy effort to force up phlegm from the throat.
Synonyms
- hawking (noun)
Translations
an effort to force up phlegm
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Verb
hawk (third-person singular simple present hawks, present participle hawking, simple past and past participle hawked)
- (transitive, intransitive) To expectorate, to cough up something from one's throat.
- c. 1603 (date written), Iohn Marston, The Malcontent, London: […] V[alentine] S[immes] for William Aspley, […], published 1604, OCLC 1224733829, Act II, scene ii:
- [I]s a trobled with the cough a the Lunges ſtill? does he hawke anights ſtill?
- 1751, [Tobias] Smollett, chapter XVI, in The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle […], volume I, London: Harrison and Co., […], published 1781, OCLC 316121541, page 117:
- He hawked up, with incredible straining, the interjection ah!
- 1953, Saul Bellow, chapter 3, in The Adventures of Augie March, New York: Viking Press, OCLC 279587:
- He had a new tough manner of pulling down breath and hawking into the street.
- (transitive, intransitive) To try to cough up something from one's throat; to clear the throat loudly.
- Grandpa sat on the front porch, hawking and wheezing, as he packed his pipe with cheap tobacco.
Derived terms
- hawking (noun)
Translations
to attempt to cough up, to clear the throat
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See also
- Hawkshaw, hawkshaw
- Hawkubite
- winkle-hawk
Further reading
hawk on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Manx
Noun
hawk
- Lenited form of shawk.