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单词 hat
释义

hat

See also: Appendix:Variations of "hat"

Translingual

Symbol

hat

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Haitian Creole.

English

A rabbi in a kolpik hat.

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /hæt/
    • Audio (US)(file)
  • (Canada, California, Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): [hat]
    • Audio (UK RP)(file)
  • (Northern US) IPA(key): [hɛt]
  • Rhymes: -æt

Etymology 1

From Middle English hat, from Old English hætt, from Proto-Germanic *hattuz (“hat”), from Proto-Indo-European *kadʰ- (“to guard, cover, care for, protect”). Cognate with North Frisian hat (“hat”), Danish hat (“hat”), Swedish hatt (“hat”), Icelandic hattur (“hat”), Latin cassis (“helmet”), Lithuanian kudas (“bird's crest or tuft”), Avestan 𐬑𐬀𐬊𐬛𐬀‎ (xaoda, “hat”), Persian خود‎ (xud, “helmet”), Welsh cadw (“to provide for, ensure”). Compare also hood.

Noun

hat (plural hats)

  1. A covering for the head, often in the approximate form of a cone, dome or cylinder closed at its top end, and sometimes having a brim and other decoration.
    • 1913, Mrs. [Marie] Belloc Lowndes, chapter II, in The Lodger, London: Methuen, OCLC 7780546; republished in Novels of Mystery: The Lodger; The Story of Ivy; What Really Happened, New York, N.Y.: Longmans, Green and Co., […], [1933], OCLC 2666860, page 0091:
      There was a neat hat-and-umbrella stand, and the stranger's weary feet fell soft on a good, serviceable dark-red drugget, which matched in colour the flock-paper on the walls.
    • 2009, “Cool Guys Don’t Look at Explosions”‎, performed by Andy Samberg, Will Ferrell and J. J. Abrams:
      Denzel walks. Will Smith walks. Mark Wahlberg is wearing a hat!
  2. (figuratively) A particular role or capacity that a person might fill.
    • 1993, Susan Loesser, A Most Remarkable Fella: Frank Loesser and the Guys and Dolls in His Life: A Portrait by His Daughter, Hal Leonard Corporation, published 2000, →ISBN, page 121:
      My mother was wearing several hats in the early fifties: hostess, scout, wife, and mother.
  3. (figuratively) Any receptacle from which numbers/names are pulled out in a lottery.
    1. (figuratively, by extension) The lottery or draw itself.
      We're both in the hat: let's hope we come up against each other.
  4. (video games) A hat switch.
    • 2002, Ernest Pazera, Focus on SDL, p.139:
      The third type of function allows you to check on the state of the joystick's buttons, axes, hats, and balls.
  5. (typography, nonstandard, rare) The háček symbol.
    • 1997 October 6th, “Patricia V. Lehman” (user name), rec.antiques (Usenet newsgroup), “Re: Unusual Mark – made in Cechoslovakia”, Message ID: <34390399.BD7@umich.edu>#1/1
      I’lll have to leave it up to antiques experts to tell you when objects were marked that way, but I can tell you it’s called a “hacek” (with the hat over the “c” and pronounced “hacheck”.) It is used to show that a “c” is pronounced as “ch” and an “s” as “sh.” Sometimes linguists just call it the “hat.”
  6. (programming, informal) The caret symbol ^.
  7. (Internet slang) User rights on a website, such as the right to edit pages others cannot.
  8. (Cambridge University slang, obsolete) A student who is also the son of a nobleman (and so allowed to wear a hat instead of a mortarboard).
    • 1830, Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, chapter 32, in Paul Clifford:
      I knew intimately all the 'Hats' in the University, and I was henceforth looked up to by the 'Caps,' as if my head had gained the height of every hat that I knew.
Synonyms
  • (student and nobleman): gold hatband, tuft
Hyponyms
  • See also Thesaurus:headwear
Derived terms
Terms derived from hat (noun)
  • at the drop of a hat
  • bowler hat
  • brick in one's hat
  • buy yourself a hat
  • double-hat
  • eat one's hat
  • hand someone his hat
  • hang one's hat on
  • hard hat
  • hatband
  • hat hair
  • hat in hand
  • hatless
  • hat matrix
  • hatnote
  • hat on a hat
  • hat parade
  • hatpin
  • hats off
  • hatstand
  • hatter
  • hat trick
  • home is where you hang your hat
  • Medicine Hat
  • old hat
  • pass the hat
  • put one's name in the hat
  • take one's hat off to
  • talk through one's hat
  • throw one's hat in the ring
  • triple-hat
  • under one's hat
  • wear too many hats
  • wear two hats
  • woolly hat
Descendants
  • Sranan Tongo: ati
Translations
háček — see háček
caret — see caret
See also
  • take one's hat off to

Verb

hat (third-person singular simple present hats, present participle hatting, simple past and past participle hatted)

  1. (transitive) To place a hat on.
    • 2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →ISBN:
      After the maids had hatted and gloved the girls, the carriage was summoned and I was carted around one church after another.
  2. (transitive) To appoint as cardinal.
    • 1929, "Five New Hats," Time, 2 December, 1929,
      It was truly a breathtaking rise. From the quiet school, Pope Pius XI had jumped Father Verdier over the heads of innumerable Bishops, made him Archbishop of Paris. Soon he was to be hatted a Prince of the Church and put in charge of the Cathedral of Notre-Dame.
  3. (intransitive) To shop for hats.
    • 1920, Katharine Metcalf Roof, The Great Demonstration (page 122)
      We might just go hatting this afternoon […]
    • 1953, Samuel Beckett, Watt, Olympia Press:
      Watt's need of semantic succour was at times so great that he would set to trying names on things, and on himself, almost as a woman hats.

Verb

hat

  1. (Scotland, Northern England or obsolete) simple past tense of hit
References
  • The Dictionary of the Scots Language

Further reading

  • hat on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

  • ATH, aht, tha

Cimbrian

Verb

hat

  1. third-person singular present indicative of haban

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse hattr, hǫttr.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /had/, [hæd̥], [hæt]

Noun

hat c (singular definite hatten, plural indefinite hatte)

  1. hat

Inflection

Declension of hat
common
gender		SingularPlural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativehathattenhattehattene
genitivehatshattenshatteshattenes

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hat/
  • Audio (Germany)(file)
  • Rhymes: -at

Verb

hat

  1. third-person singular present of haben

Hungarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈhɒt]
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɒt

Etymology 1

Hungarian numbers (edit)
60
 ←  567  → 
    Cardinal: hat
    Nominal: hatos
    Ordinal: hatodik
    Day of month: hatodika
    A.o.: hatodszor, hatodjára
    Adverbial: hatszor
    Multiplier: hatszoros
    Distributive: hatosával
    Collective: mind ahat
    Fractional: hatod
    Number of people: hatan

From Proto-Ugric *kottĭ, from Proto-Uralic *kutte. Cognates include Finnish kuusi, Mansi хо̄т (hōt), Khanty хәт (xət).

Numeral

hat

  1. six
Declension
Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singularplural
nominativehathatok
accusativehatothatokat
dativehatnakhatoknak
instrumentalhattalhatokkal
causal-finalhatérthatokért
translativehattáhatokká
terminativehatighatokig
essive-formalhatkénthatokként
essive-modal——
inessivehatbanhatokban
superessivehatonhatokon
adessivehatnálhatoknál
illativehatbahatokba
sublativehatrahatokra
allativehathozhatokhoz
elativehatbólhatokból
delativehatrólhatokról
ablativehattólhatoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular		hatéhatoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural		hatéihatokéi
Possessive forms of hat
possessorsingle possessionmultiple possessions
1st person sing.hatomhataim
hatjaim
2nd person sing.hatodhataid
hatjaid
3rd person sing.hata
hatja		hatai
hatjai
1st person pluralhatunkhataink
hatjaink
2nd person pluralhatotokhataitok
hatjaitok
3rd person pluralhatuk
hatjuk		hataik
hatjaik
Derived terms
  • hatvan
Compound words with numerals
  • tizenhat
  • huszonhat
  • harminchat
  • negyvenhat
  • ötvenhat
  • hatvanhat
  • hetvenhat
  • nyolcvanhat
  • kilencvenhat
  • százhat
  • hatmillió
Other compound words
  • hatszög

(Non-institutionalized adjectival compounds with single-element numerals [excerpt]):
hatezres, hatmilliós, hatmilliárdos, hatbilliós; hatméteres, hatcentis, hatkilós, hatdekás, hatgrammos, hattonnás, hatliteres; hatwattos, hatamperes; hatperces, hatórás, hatórai, hatórányi, hatnapi, hatnapos, hathetes, hatheti, hatéves, hatévi, hathavi; hatpercenként, hatóránként, hatnaponta, hatnaponként, hathetente, hathetenként, hathavonta, hathavonként, hatévente, hatévenként; hatfokos, hatfokú, hatirányú, hatoldalas, hatoldalú, hatkötetes, hatdimenziós, hatszázalékos, hatkerekű, hatfős, hatfőnyi, hatnyelvű, hatgyerekes / hatgyermekes, hattagú, hatelemű, hatrészes, hatemeletes, hatrétegű, hatszintes, hatablakos, hatajtós, hatüléses, hatjegyű, hatpontos, hatszavas, hatbetűs, hatsoros; hatforintos, hatdolláros, hateurós; hatlábú, hatágú, hatfejű, hatkezű, hatkarú, hatszemű, hatfülű, hatlevelű.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic *kattɜ- (“to penetrate, go ahead, move somewhere”). The suffix -hat/-het originated from this verb.[1] First attested in c. 1372.

Verb

hat

  1. (intransitive, obsolete) to get, arrive at, pass, progress towards (a certain location)
    Synonyms: hatol, ér, jut
    • 1863, János Arany, Rege a csodaszarvasról (The Legend of the Wondrous Hunt, translated by E.D. Butler)
      Süppedékes mély tavaknak / Szigetére ők behatnak.
      An island fair to reach, they pass / Through treacherous pool and deep morass.
  2. (intransitive, archaic or literary) to enter, penetrate
    Synonym: hatol
  3. (intransitive) to take effect, to be effective, to work
    Synonyms: hatásos, működik, beválik
  4. (intransitive) to affect, to have influence, to act (on something -ra/-re)
    Synonyms: kihat, érint, befolyásol
  5. (intransitive) to seem, appear (as something -nak/-nek)
    Synonyms: tűnik, látszik
Conjugation
conjugation of hat
1st person sg2nd person sg
informal		3rd person sg,
2nd p. sg formal		1st person pl2nd person pl
informal		3rd person pl,
2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive
mood		Pre­sentIndef.hatokhatszhathatunkhattokhatnak
Def.intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
2nd-p. o.―
PastIndef.hatottamhatottálhatotthatottunkhatottatokhatottak
Def.―
2nd-p. o.―
Condi­tional
mood		Pre­sentIndef.hatnékhatnálhatnahatnánkhatnátokhatnának
Def.―
2nd-p. o.―
Sub­junc­tive
mood		Pre­sentIndef.hassakhass or
hassál		hassonhassunkhassatokhassanak
Def.―
2nd-p. o.―
Infinitivehatnihatnomhatnodhatniahatnunkhatnotokhatniuk
Other nonfinite
verb forms		Verbal nounPresent participlePast participleFuture part.Adverbial part.Potential
hatáshatóhatott―hatvahathat
Derived terms
  • hatalom
  • határ
  • hatás
  • hatékony
  • hatol
  • ható
  • hatvány

(With verbal prefixes):

  • általhat
  • áthat
  • behat
  • elhat
  • előrehat
  • felhat
  • hátrahat
  • keresztülhat
  • kihat
  • közrehat
  • lehat
  • meghat
  • odahat
  • ráhat
  • visszahat

References

  1. hat in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further reading

  • (six): hat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • (to take effect): hat in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Irish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hat̪ˠ/

Noun

hat

  1. h-prothesized form of at

Verb

hat

  1. h-prothesized form of at

Khalaj

Perso-Arabicهات‎

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *at.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hat/
  • (Xarrâbî) IPA(key): [ha(ˑ)t]

Noun

hat (definite accusative hatı, plural hatlar)

  1. horse

Declension

Declension of hat
singularplural
nominativehathatlar
genitivehatıynhatlarıyn
dativehatqa, hatahatlarqa, hatlara
definite accusativehatıhatları
locativehatçahatlarça
ablativehatda(n)hatlarda(n)
instrumentalhatla(n)hatlarla(n)
equativehatvârahatlarvâra
quantitativehatqadarhatlarqadar

References

  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1980) Wörterbuch des Chaladsch (Dialekt von Charrab) [Khalaj dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó

Kholosi

Etymology

From Sanskrit हस्त (hasta).

Noun

hat ?

  1. (anatomy) hand

References

  • Eric Anonby; Hassan Mohebi Bahmani (2014), “Shipwrecked and Landlocked: Kholosi, an Indo-Aryan Language in South-west Iran”, in Cahier de Studia Iranica xx‎, pages 13-36

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /haːt/

Verb

hat

  1. inflection of hunn:
    1. first/third-person singular preterite indicative
    2. second-person plural preterite indicative

Verb

hat

  1. inflection of haen:
    1. second-person plural present indicative
    2. second-person plural imperative

Maricopa

Noun

hat (plural haat)

  1. dog

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English hæt, hætt, from Proto-Germanic *hattuz.

Alternative forms

  • hatt, hatte, hæt

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hat/

Noun

hat (plural hattes or hatten)

  1. A hat or cap; a piece of headgear or headwear.
  2. A helmet; a hat used as armour.
  3. (rare) A circlet or tiara; a ring-shaped piece of headgear.
  4. (rare) A circle of foam or mist.
  5. (rare) A area of hilly woodland.
  • hater
  • haterynge
  • hatten
  • hattere
  • ketil-hat
Descendants
  • Scots: hat, hatt, hate, hait
  • English: hat
  • → Irish: hata
References
  • “hat, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-07-18.

Noun

hat

  1. Alternative form of hate

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian hit.

Pronoun

hat

  1. it

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz.

Noun

hat n (definite singular hatet, indefinite plural hat, definite plural hata or hatene)

  1. hatred, hate
Derived terms
  • hatefull
  • hater
  • hate (verb)

Verb

hat

  1. imperative of hate

References

  • “hat” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hɑːt/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz. Akin to English hate.

Noun

hat n (definite singular hatet, indefinite plural hat, definite plural hata)

  1. hatred, hate
Derived terms
  • hatar
  • hatefull

Verb

hat

  1. imperative of hate

References

  • “hat” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /xɑːt/, [hɑːt]

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hait.

Cognates
Cognate with Old Frisian hēt (West Frisian hjit), Old Saxon hēt, Dutch heet, Old High German heiz (German heiß), Old Norse heitr (Swedish het). Cognate to Albanian ethe (“shiver, fiever”), dialectal hethe and ith (“warmth, body heat”), dialectal hith.

Adjective

hāt

  1. hot
Declension
Declension of hāt — Strong
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativehāthāthāt
Accusativehātnehātehāt
Genitivehāteshātrehātes
Dativehātumhātrehātum
Instrumentalhātehātrehāte
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativehātehāta, hātehāt
Accusativehātehāta, hātehāt
Genitivehātrahātrahātra
Dativehātumhātumhātum
Instrumentalhātumhātumhātum
Declension of hāt — Weak
SingularMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativehātahātehāte
Accusativehātanhātanhāte
Genitivehātanhātanhātan
Dativehātanhātanhātan
Instrumentalhātanhātanhātan
PluralMasculineFeminineNeuter
Nominativehātanhātanhātan
Accusativehātanhātanhātan
Genitivehātra, hātenahātra, hātenahātra, hātena
Dativehātumhātumhātum
Instrumentalhātumhātumhātum
Derived terms
  • hātheort
  • hǣtan
  • hǣtu
Descendants
  • Middle English: hot, hoth, whote; hate, hatte
    • English: hot
    • Scots: hat, hait, hate
    • Yola: hoat, hote, hoate

Etymology 2

From hātan.

Noun

hāt n

  1. a promise
Declension
Declension of hat (strong a-stem)
CaseSingularPlural
nominativehāthāt
accusativehāthāt
genitivehāteshāta
dativehātehātum
Synonyms
  • ġehāt (much more common)

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse hatr, from Proto-Germanic *hataz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hɑːt/
  • audio (Sweden)(file)

Noun

hat n (uncountable)

  1. hate, hatred

Declension

Declension of hat 
Uncountable
IndefiniteDefinite
Nominativehathatet——
Genitivehatshatets——
  • hata
  • hatbrott
  • judehat
  • rashat

Tok Pisin

This entry has fewer than three known examples of actual usage, the minimum considered necessary for clear attestation, and may not be reliable. Tok Pisin is subject to a special exemption for languages with limited documentation. If you speak it, please consider editing this entry or adding citations. See also Help and the Community Portal.

Etymology 1

From English hat.

Noun

hat

  1. hat

Etymology 2

From English hard.

Adverb

hat

  1. hard
    • 1989, Buk Baibel long Tok Pisin, Port Moresby: Bible Society of Papua New Guinea, Jenesis 3:19:
      Na bai yu wok hat tru long kisim kaikai bilong yu na tuhat bai i kamap long pes bilong yu. Na bai yu hatwok oltaim inap yu dai na yu go bek long graun. Long wanem, mi bin wokim yu long graun, na bai yu go bek gen long graun.”
      →New International Version translation
  • hatpela
  • hatwok

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خط‎, from Arabic خَطّ‎ (ḵaṭṭ).

Noun

hat (definite accusative hattı, plural hatlar)

  1. line
    Sigfried hattı ― Siegfried line
  2. writing

Declension

Inflection
Nominativehat
Definite accusativehattı
SingularPlural
Nominativehathatlar
Definite accusativehattıhatları
Dativehattahatlara
Locativehattahatlarda
Ablativehattanhatlardan
Genitivehattınhatların

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَطّ‎ (ḵaṭṭ).

Noun

hat (definite accusative haty, plural hatlar)

  1. letter (written message)

Declension

Declension of hat
singularplural
nominativehathatlar
accusativehatyhatlary
genitivehatyňhatlaryň
dativehatahatlara
locativehatdahatlarda
ablativehatdanhatlardan
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