hart
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /hɑːt/
- (General American) IPA(key): /hɑɹt/
Audio (UK) (file) Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)t
- Homophone: heart
Etymology 1
From Middle English hert, from Old English heorot (“stag”), from Proto-Germanic *herutaz (compare Dutch hert, German Hirsch, Danish/Norwegian/Swedish hjort), from Pre-Germanic *kerudos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóru (“horn”).
Compare Welsh carw (“deer”), Latin cervus (“deer”), cervīx (“nape of the neck”), Lithuanian kárvė (“cow”), Russian коро́ва (koróva, “cow”), Ancient Greek κόρυδος (kórudos, “crested lark”), κορυφή (koruphḗ, “summit, crown of the head”), κορύπτω (korúptō, “to butt with horns”), Avestan 𐬯𐬭𐬏 (srū), 𐬯𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁 (sruuā, “horn; claw, talon”), Sanskrit शरभ (śarabhá, “mythical antelope”). More at horn.
Noun
hart (plural harts)
- A male deer, especially the male of the red deer after his fifth year.
- c. 1587–1588, [Christopher Marlowe], Tamburlaine the Great. […] The First Part […], part 1, 2nd edition, London: […] [R. Robinson for] Richard Iones, […], published 1592, OCLC 932920499; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act I, scene ii:
- With milke-white Hartes vpon an Iuorie ſled,
Thou ſhalt be drawen amidſt the froſen Pooles,
And ſcale the yſie mountaines lofty tops:
Which with thy beautie will be soone reſolu’d.
- 1612, Michael Drayton, Poly-Olbion song 13 p. 213:
- She Huntresse-like the Hart pursues;
-
- A male red deer or one of related species.
Derived terms
- hartshorn
- Hertford
- White Hart Lane
Related terms
- hind (the female)
Translations
|
|
Etymology 2
See heart.
Noun
hart (plural harts)
- Obsolete spelling of heart
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals)]:, scene i:
- For this reliefe much thanks, tis bitter cold, and I am ſick at hart.
-
Anagrams
- Arth, Rath, Thar, rath, tahr, thar
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch hart, from Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Noun
hart (plural harte)
- heart
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɦɑrt/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: hart
- Rhymes: -ɑrt
- Homophone: hard
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch herte, harte, from Old Dutch herta, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā, from Proto-Germanic *hertô, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr.
Noun
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
- heart, main muscle pumping blood through the body:
- The center point or zone of an object, image etc.
- The core or essence of some thing, reasoning etc.
- Compassionate or similar feelings
Alternative forms
- hert
- herte
Derived terms
- Groene Hart
- hartaanval
- hartelijk
- harteloos
- hartfalen
- hartkamer
- hartritme
- hartschelp
- hartslag
- hartstilstand
- hartstocht
- hartstoornis
- hartverlamming
- hartverzakking
- hartvormig
- hartzeer
- hartziekte
- ter harte nemen
- van ganser harte
- van harte
Descendants
- Afrikaans: hart
- Negerhollands: hert, hart, hat
- → Sranan Tongo: ati
- → Saramaccan: áti, háti
Noun
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartje n)
- (Northern) Archaic form of hert (“deer”).
Faroese
Etymology
See harður (“hard, loud”)
Adjective
hart (neuter of harður)
- hard
- loud
French
Etymology
From Middle French hart, from Old French hart, hard, a borrowing from Frankish *heʀdā.
Pronunciation
- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /aʁ/, /aʁt/
Audio (file)
Noun
hart f (plural harts)
- (archaic) cord, rope; halter (hangman's rope)
Further reading
- “hart”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Etymology
From Middle High German hart, Old High German hart, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European kortús (“strong; powerful”). Cognate with Low German hard, hart, Dutch hard, English hard, Danish hård.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hart/, [haʁt], [haɐ̯t], [haːt]
audio (file) audio (Austria) (file) - Homophones: harrt (general), haart (some speakers)
Adjective
hart (strong nominative masculine singular harter, comparative härter, superlative am härtesten)
- hard
- severe, harsh
- 1981, “Polizisten”, performed by Extrabreit:
- Sie rauchen "Milde Sorte" / Weil–das Leben ist doch hart genug
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
- 2012 May 2, Die Welt, page 10:
- Die harten Einschnitte zum Schuldenabbau standen in vielen EU-Ländern im Zentrum der Kritik der Demonstranten.
- The severe cuts for the reduction of debt were in many EU countries at the center of criticism by the protesters.
-
- (figurative) unmoved, cold, cruel
- 1924, Thomas Mann, Der Zauberberg [The Magic Mountain], volume 1, Berlin: S. Fischer, page 528:
- Seit vier Jahren hier oben, war die Mittellose von harten Verwandten abhängig, die sie schon einmal, da sie doch sterben müsse, von hier fortgenommen und nur auf Einspruch des Hofrats wieder heraufgeschickt hatten.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
-
Declension
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | er ist hart | sie ist hart | es ist hart | sie sind hart | |
| strong declension (without article) | nominative | harter | harte | hartes | harte |
| genitive | harten | harter | harten | harter | |
| dative | hartem | harter | hartem | harten | |
| accusative | harten | harte | hartes | harte | |
| weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der harte | die harte | das harte | die harten |
| genitive | des harten | der harten | des harten | der harten | |
| dative | dem harten | der harten | dem harten | den harten | |
| accusative | den harten | die harte | das harte | die harten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein harter | eine harte | ein hartes | (keine) harten |
| genitive | eines harten | einer harten | eines harten | (keiner) harten | |
| dative | einem harten | einer harten | einem harten | (keinen) harten | |
| accusative | einen harten | eine harte | ein hartes | (keine) harten | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | er ist härter | sie ist härter | es ist härter | sie sind härter | |
| strong declension (without article) | nominative | härterer | härtere | härteres | härtere |
| genitive | härteren | härterer | härteren | härterer | |
| dative | härterem | härterer | härterem | härteren | |
| accusative | härteren | härtere | härteres | härtere | |
| weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der härtere | die härtere | das härtere | die härteren |
| genitive | des härteren | der härteren | des härteren | der härteren | |
| dative | dem härteren | der härteren | dem härteren | den härteren | |
| accusative | den härteren | die härtere | das härtere | die härteren | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein härterer | eine härtere | ein härteres | (keine) härteren |
| genitive | eines härteren | einer härteren | eines härteren | (keiner) härteren | |
| dative | einem härteren | einer härteren | einem härteren | (keinen) härteren | |
| accusative | einen härteren | eine härtere | ein härteres | (keine) härteren | |
| number & gender | singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | all genders | ||
| predicative | er ist am härtesten | sie ist am härtesten | es ist am härtesten | sie sind am härtesten | |
| strong declension (without article) | nominative | härtester | härteste | härtestes | härteste |
| genitive | härtesten | härtester | härtesten | härtester | |
| dative | härtestem | härtester | härtestem | härtesten | |
| accusative | härtesten | härteste | härtestes | härteste | |
| weak declension (with definite article) | nominative | der härteste | die härteste | das härteste | die härtesten |
| genitive | des härtesten | der härtesten | des härtesten | der härtesten | |
| dative | dem härtesten | der härtesten | dem härtesten | den härtesten | |
| accusative | den härtesten | die härteste | das härteste | die härtesten | |
| mixed declension (with indefinite article) | nominative | ein härtester | eine härteste | ein härtestes | (keine) härtesten |
| genitive | eines härtesten | einer härtesten | eines härtesten | (keiner) härtesten | |
| dative | einem härtesten | einer härtesten | einem härtesten | (keinen) härtesten | |
| accusative | einen härtesten | eine härteste | ein härtestes | (keine) härtesten | |
Derived terms
- härten
- Härte
Adverb
hart
- hard (with force or effort)
- Sie haben die ganze Woche hart gearbeitet.
- They worked hard all week.
- sharply, roughly, severely
- close (an (+ dative) to)
Further reading
- “hart” in Duden online
- “hart” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
Icelandic
Adjective
hart
- neuter nominative/accusative of harður
Irish
Etymology 1
Borrowed from English heart.
Alternative forms
- hartas
Noun
hart m (genitive singular hairt, nominative plural hairt)
- (card games) heart
Declension
First declension
Bare forms:
| Forms with the definite article:
|
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
hart
- h-prothesized form of art
References
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “hart”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch hart.
Adjective
hart
- hard (not soft)
- solid, sturdy
- hard, harsh, cruel
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: hard
- Jersey Dutch: hārd
- Negerhollands: hart
- Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt
Further reading
- “hart”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hart (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
North Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian herte, from Proto-West Germanic *hertā. Cognates include West Frisian hert.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hart/
Noun
hart n (plural harten)
- (Mooring and Föhr-Amrum dialects) heart
- At hart klopet/böget.
- My heart is beating.
Old Dutch
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī).
Adjective
hart (comparative hardiro, superlative hardist)
- hard
Inflection
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | hart | harde | hart | harde | hart | hardu |
| accusative | hardan | harde | hart | harde | harda | hardu |
| genitive | hardis | hardro | hardis | hardro | hardro | hardrō |
| dative | hardon | hardon | hardon | hardon | hardro | hardon |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | neuter | feminine | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | hardo | hardu | harda | hardu | harda | hardu |
| accusative | hardin | hardin | harda | hardin | hardin | hardin |
| genitive | hardin | hardno | hardin | hardno | hardin | hardno |
| dative | hardin | hardon | hardin | hardon | hardin | hardon |
Descendants
- Middle Dutch: hart
- Dutch: hard
- Jersey Dutch: hārd
- Negerhollands: hart
- Skepi Creole Dutch: hardt
- Dutch: hard
Further reading
- “hart (II)”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, whence also Old Saxon hard, Old Dutch hart, Old English heard, Old Norse harðr, Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (hardus). Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kert-, *kret- (“strong; powerful”).
Adjective
hart
- hard
Derived terms
- hartī
Descendants
- Middle High German: hart, herte
- Alemannic German: hert
- Swabian: hirrt
- Central Franconian: haat
- German: hart
- Luxembourgish: haart
- Yiddish: האַרט (hart)
- Alemannic German: hert
Old Norse
Adjective
hart
- strong neuter nominative/accusative singular of harðr
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from German Härte, from Old High German hartī.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /xart/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -art
- Syllabification: hart
- Homophone: chart
Noun
hart m inan
- strength, resilience, fortitude
Usage notes
On its own, used mainly in the idiom hart ducha. Most of the derived terms are technical and refer to steel hardening.
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | hart |
| genitive | hartu |
| dative | hartowi |
| accusative | hart |
| instrumental | hartem |
| locative | harcie |
| vocative | harcie |
Derived terms
- hartowany
- hartować
Further reading
- hart in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- hart in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish hart, from Old Swedish harþer, from Old Norse harðr. Doublet of hård.
Adverb
hart (not comparable)
- Only used in hart när
References
- hart in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- hart in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- hart in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
West Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian hert, from Proto-West Germanic *herut.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /hat/
Noun
hart n (plural harten, diminutive hartsje)
- deer
Derived terms
- reahart
Further reading
- “hart (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola
Noun
hart
- Alternative form of hearth
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 10:
- Oore hart cam' t' oore mouth, an zo w' all ee green;
- Our hearts came to our mouth, and so with all in the green;
-
References
- Jacob Poole (1867), William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, page 88