hangnail

hangnail

English

hangnail (at top) at edge of thumbnail

Etymology

Corruption of agnail (literally “painful (anguished) nail”), by folk-etymological reanalysis as hang +‎ nail; from Middle English agnail, from Old English angnæġl, from ang- (“tight/painful”) +‎ næġl (“nail”). The first part is from Proto-Germanic *anguz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂énǵʰus (“narrow, tight”), while the second is from Proto-Germanic *naglaz, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃negʰ-. The first component, ang- is also the origin of anguish, anger, and angst, while næġl is the origin of nail. Compare more "pure" Scots angernail, and similarly folk-influenced dialectal variants wrangnail and ragnail, all meaning "hangnail" and from Middle English. Cognate with Old High German ungnagel and Old Frisian angneil, o(n)gneil.[1]

Original sense of “loose strip of tissue”; the sense of “pointed corner of nail” is modern, and is connected with the reanalysis, due to stockings catching or “hanging” on the nail.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhæŋneɪl/
  • (US, Canada) IPA^(key): (see /æ/ raising) [heɪŋneɪ̯ɫ]

Noun

hangnail (plural hangnails)

1. A loose, narrow strip of nail tissue protruding from the side edge and anchored near the base of a fingernail or toenail.
2. A pointed upper corner of the toenail (often created by improperly trimming by rounding the corner) that, as the nail grows, presses into the flesh or protrudes so that it may catch (“hang”) on stockings or shoes.

Usage notes

• The modern sense of “sharp corner of nail” appears in promotional podiatry literature.

Synonyms

• agnail

Coordinate terms

• whitlow

Translations

protruding piece of nail tissue or skin near base of fingernail or toenail

Arabic: سَأْفَة‎ f (saʾfa) Basque: hatz-bizar Belarusian: завусе́ніца f (zavusjénica), задзі́рына f (zadzíryna), жыві́ца f (žyvíca) Catalan: repeló (ca) Chinese: Mandarin: 倒刺 (zh) (dàocì), 肉刺 (zh) (ròucì) Czech: záděra f Danish: neglerod c Dutch: nijdnagel, nijnagel (nl), dwangnagel, stroopnagel (nl) Finnish: kynsipiikki (fi) French: envie (fr) f, petite peau f Galician: respigo m, espigo (gl) m German: Niednagel (de) m, Neidnagel m Greek: παρωνυχίδα (el) f (paronychída) Icelandic: annögl Italian: pipita f Japanese: ささくれ (sasakure), さかむけ (sakamuke) Kannada: ಕುಂಚ (kn) (kuñca) Korean: 거스러미 (geoseureomi) Latin: reduvia (la) Malay: kuku betul Polish: skórka (pl) f, zadzior m Portuguese: espiga (pt) f Romansch: spina da latg f, spina da charn f Russian: заусе́ница (ru) f (zausénica), заусе́нец (ru) m (zausénec) Serbo-Croatian: Cyrillic: за̀ноктица f Roman: zànoktica (sh) f Slovak: záder m Spanish: padrastro (es) m Swedish: nagelband (sv) n Tagalog: taingandaga Ukrainian: за́дирка f (zádyrka), за́дерень m (záderenʹ) Welsh: ewinbil m

References

1. 1892, Walter William Skeat, Principles of English Etymology‎, At the Clarendon Press:

Anagrams

• Langhian