hangen
See also: hängen and Hängen
Dutch
Etymology
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
- Middle Dutch haen, from Old Dutch hān, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną (transitive, strong class 7).
- Middle Dutch hangen, from Old Dutch hangon, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną (intransitive, weak class 3).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɦɑŋə(n)/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: han‧gen
- Rhymes: -ɑŋən
Verb
hangen
- (intransitive) to hang
- Het schilderij hangt aan de muur.
- The painting hangs on the wall.
- (transitive) to hang
- Hij hangt het schilderij aan de muur.
- He hangs the painting on the wall.
Inflection
| Inflection of hangen (strong class 7) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | hangen | |||
| past singular | hing | |||
| past participle | gehangen | |||
| infinitive | hangen | |||
| gerund | hangen n | |||
| present tense | past tense | |||
| 1st person singular | hang | hing | ||
| 2nd person sing. (jij) | hangt | hing | ||
| 2nd person sing. (u) | hangt | hing | ||
| 2nd person sing. (gij) | hangt | hingt | ||
| 3rd person singular | hangt | hing | ||
| plural | hangen | hingen | ||
| subjunctive sing.1 | hange | hinge | ||
| subjunctive plur.1 | hangen | hingen | ||
| imperative sing. | hang | |||
| imperative plur.1 | hangt | |||
| participles | hangend | gehangen | ||
| 1) Archaic. | ||||
Derived terms
- hanger
- aaneenhangen
- aanhangen
- afhangen
- behangen
- bijhangen
- blijven hangen
- buitenhangen
- doorhangen
- hangjongere
- klaarhangen
- loshangen
- neerhangen
- omhangen
- omhooghangen
- omlaaghangen
- openhangen
- ophangen
- overhangen
- rondhangen
- samenhangen
- uithangen
- verhangen
- volhangen
- voorhangen
- weghangen
Descendants
- Afrikaans: hang
- Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
- Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
- → Sranan Tongo: anga
Finnish
Noun
hangen
- genitive singular of hanki
German
Alternative forms
- hängen
Etymology
From Old High German hangen, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /haŋən/
- Rhymes: -aŋn̩
- Hyphenation: han‧gen
Verb
hangen
- (Switzerland, intransitive) to hang
- (Switzerland, transitive) to hang
Further reading
- “hangen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “hangen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “hangen” in Duden online
- “hangen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Low German
Etymology
From Old Saxon hāhan, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną. See also hängen.
Verb
hangen (third-person singular simple present hangt, past tense hung, past participle hungen or hangen, auxiliary verb hebben)
- (intransitive) to hang; to be suspended
- An wat hangen.
- To hang from something.
- (intransitive) to stick; to cling
- (intransitive, figuratively, with an) to be fond of, to feel strongly about
- Bochum ik hang an di.# (transitive) to hang
- Bochum, I'm fond of you.
- (transitive) to hang (something); to suspend (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)
- (transitive) to hang (someone), e.g. for a crime (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)
Usage notes
Hangen has a doublet with nearly the same meaning and usage, hängen. However, hangen is usually preferred in its intransitive meaning, while hängen is more commonly used as a transitive verb.
The weak past participle hangt is sometimes found instead of the more common forms hungen and hangen.
Conjugation
Conjugation of hangen (class 7 strong verb)
| infinitive | hangen | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | preterite |
| 1st person singular | hang | hung |
| 2nd person singular | hangs(t) | hungs(t) |
| 3rd person singular | hang(t) | hung |
| plural | hangt, hangen | hungen |
| imperative | present | — |
| singular | hang | |
| plural | hangt | |
| participle | present | past |
| hangen | (e)hungen/hangen, gehungen/hangen | |
| Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. | ||
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
- Earlier hâen, from Old Dutch hān, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną (transitive, strong class 7).
- From Old Dutch hangon, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną (intransitive, weak class 3).
Verb
hangen
- to hang (up)
- to hang, to be hanging
- to hang (on gallows)
- to be hanged (on gallows)
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Alternative forms
- hâen
Descendants
- Dutch: hangen
- Afrikaans: hang
- Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
- Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
- → Sranan Tongo: anga
- Limburgish: hange
Further reading
- “hanghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “hangen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
- Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “haen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page haen
Middle English
Alternative forms
- hongen
Etymology
Originally two distinct verbs:
- Old English hangian, from Proto-West Germanic *hangēn, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.
- Old English hōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄han, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhanɡən/, /ˈhaːnɡən/, /ˈhɔnɡən/, /ˈhɔːnɡən/
Verb
hangen
- to hang
Conjugation
Conjugation of hangen (strong class 7 or weak in -ed)
| infinitive | (to) hangen, hange | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| present tense | past tense | ||
| 1st-person singular | hange | heng, hanged | |
| 2nd-person singular | hangest | henge, heng, hangedest | |
| 3rd-person singular | hangeth | heng, hanged | |
| subjunctive singular | hange | henge1, hanged1 | |
| imperative singular | — | ||
| plural2 | hangen, hange | hengen, henge, hangeden, hangede | |
| imperative plural | hangeth, hange | — | |
| participles | hangynge, hangende | hangen, hange, hanged, yhanged | |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
Descendants
- English: hang
- Yola: ung (preterite)
References
- “hō̆ngen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *hangāną.
Verb
hangēn
- (intransitive) to hang
- (transitive) to hang
Conjugation
Conjugation of hangēn (weak class 3)
| infinitive | hangēn | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | hangem | hangeta |
| 2nd person singular | hanges | hangetos |
| 3rd person singular | hanget | hangeta |
| 1st person plural | hangem, hangemes | hangetum, hangetumes |
| 2nd person plural | hanget | hangetut |
| 3rd person plural | hangent | hangetun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | hange | hangeti |
| 2nd person singular | hanges | hangetis |
| 3rd person singular | hange | hangeti |
| 1st person plural | hangem, hangemes | hangetim, hangetimes |
| 2nd person plural | hanget | hangetit |
| 3rd person plural | hangen | hangetin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | hange | |
| plural | hanget | |
| participle | present | past |
| hangenti | gihanget | |
Descendants
- Middle High German: hangen
- German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
- Swiss High German: hangen
- >? Cimbrian: hangan
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈhaŋɛn/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈhaŋan/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈhaŋɛn/
Noun
hangen
- h-prothesized form of angen
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| angen | unchanged | unchanged | hangen |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||