hammas
See also: hämmas and hammaš
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs.
Noun
hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)
- tooth
Declension
Inflection of hammas (ÕS type 7/kallas, mb-mm gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hambad |
| accusative | hamba | hambad |
| genitive | hamba | hammaste |
| partitive | hammast | hambaid |
| illative | hambasse | hammastesse hambaisse |
| inessive | hambas | hammastes hambais |
| elative | hambast | hammastest hambaist |
| allative | hambale | hammastele hambaile |
| adessive | hambal | hammastel hambail |
| ablative | hambalt | hammastelt hambailt |
| translative | hambaks | hammasteks hambaiks |
| terminative | hambani | hammasteni |
| essive | hambana | hammastena |
| abessive | hambata | hammasteta |
| comitative | hambaga | hammastega |
Derived terms
- hambaarst
- hambahari
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas (replacing native Uralic pii < *piŋe), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵómbʰos. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zǫbъ, Lithuanian žam̃bas, Latvian zobs. Doublet of kampa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑs̠]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Syllabification(key): ham‧mas
Noun
hammas
- tooth
- hampaisiin saakka aseistettu ― armed to the teeth
Declension
| Inflection of hammas (Kotus type 41*H/vieras, mp-mm gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | |
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten | |
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | |
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | hammas | hampaat | |
| accusative | nom. | hammas | hampaat |
| gen. | hampaan | ||
| genitive | hampaan | hampaiden hampaitten | |
| partitive | hammasta | hampaita | |
| inessive | hampaassa | hampaissa | |
| elative | hampaasta | hampaista | |
| illative | hampaaseen | hampaisiin hampaihinrare | |
| adessive | hampaalla | hampailla | |
| ablative | hampaalta | hampailta | |
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille | |
| essive | hampaana | hampaina | |
| translative | hampaaksi | hampaiksi | |
| instructive | — | hampain | |
| abessive | hampaatta | hampaitta | |
| comitative | — | hampaineen | |
| Possessive forms of hammas (type vieras) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | hampaani | hampaamme |
| 2nd person | hampaasi | hampaanne |
| 3rd person | hampaansa | |
Derived terms
- adjectives: hampaaton
- nouns: hampaisto
- verbs: hammastaa
- idioms: purra hammasta
Compounds
- hammasharja
- hammashoito
- hammaslanka
- hammaslääkäri
- hammaspeikko
- hammasratas
- hammasmätä
- hammastahna
- kulmahammas
- poskihammas
- raateluhammas
- sapelihammas
- torahammas
- viisaudenhammas
Further reading
- "hammas" in Kielitoimiston sanakirja (Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish).
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːəz̠]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/, [ˈhɑmːɑʒ̥]
- Rhymes: -ɑmːɑs
- Hyphenation: ham‧mas
Noun
hammas
- tooth
- 1936, V. I. Junus, Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 138:
- Oi-oi, kuin ono hammas kippiä.
- Oh no, how the tooth is aching.
-
Declension
| Declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampaat |
| genitive | hampaan | hampain |
| partitive | hammasta, hammast | hampaita, hampaja |
| illative | hampaasse | hampaisse |
| inessive | hampaas | hampais |
| elative | hampaast | hampaist |
| allative | hampaalle | hampaille |
| adessive | hampaal | hampail |
| ablative | hampaalt | hampailt |
| translative | hampaaks | hampaiks |
| essive | hampaanna, hampaan | hampainna, hampain |
| exessive1) | hampaant | hampaint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
| Soikkola declension of hammas (type 2/patsas, mp-mm gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | hammas | hampahat, hampaat |
| genitive | hampahan | hampahiin |
| partitive | hammasta | hampahia |
| illative | hampahasse | hampahisse |
| inessive | hampahaas | hampahiis |
| elative | hampahast | hampahist |
| allative | hampahalle | hampahille |
| adessive | hampahaal | hampahiil |
| ablative | hampahalt | hampahilt |
| translative | hampahaks | hampahiks |
| essive | hampahaan | hampahiin |
| exessive1) | hampahant | hampahint |
| 1) Obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) | ||
Derived terms
- torohammas
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 43
Karelian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas. Cognates include Finnish hammas and Estonian hammas.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhɑmːɑs/
Noun
hammas (genitive hampahan, partitive hammasta)
- tooth
Declension
Declension of hammas, mm-mp gradation
|
References
- P. M. Zaykov (1999) Грамматика Карельского языка (фонетика и морфология) [Grammar of the Karelian language (phonetics and morphology)], →ISBN, pages 48-49
Võro
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *hambas, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źámbas.
Noun
hammas (genitive hamba, partitive hammast)
- tooth
Declension
Inflection of hammas
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | hammas | hambaq |
| accusative | hamba | hambaq |
| genitive | hamba | hambidõ hammastõ |
| partitive | hammast | hambit |
| illative | hambahe | hambihe hammastõhe |
| inessive | hamban hambahn | hambin hammastõn hambihn hammastõhn |
| elative | hambast | hambist hammastõst |
| allative | hambalõ | hambilõ hammastõlõ |
| adessive | hambal | hambil hammastõl |
| ablative | hambalt | hambilt hammastõlt |
| translative | hambas | hambis hammastõs |
| terminative | hambaniq | hambiniq hammastõniq |
| abessive | hambaldaq | hambildaq hammastõldaq |
| comitative | hambagaq | hambidõgaq hammastõgaq |