halener
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French alener, from Vulgar Latin *alēnō, formed by metathesis from Latin anhēlō (“to breathe out, to breathe forth, to exhale”). Compare Catalan and Occitan alenar.
Pronunciation
- (mute h) IPA(key): /al.ne/, (also) /a.lɛ.ne/, (also) /a.le.ne/
Audio (file)
Verb
halener
- (transitive) to scent (detect the scent of another)
- (transitive) to exhale
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated mostly like the regular -er verbs (parler and chanter and so on), but the -e- /ə/ of the second-to-last syllable becomes -è- /ɛ/ when the next vowel is a silent or schwa -e-. For example, in the third-person singular present indicative, we have il halène rather than *il halene. Other verbs conjugated this way include lever and mener. Related but distinct conjugations include those of appeler and préférer.
Conjugation of halener (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | halener | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | halenant /al.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | halené /al.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | halène /a.lɛn/ | halènes /a.lɛn/ | halène /a.lɛn/ | halenons /al.nɔ̃/ | halenez /al.ne/ | halènent /a.lɛn/ |
| imperfect | halenais /al.nɛ/ | halenais /al.nɛ/ | halenait /al.nɛ/ | halenions /a.lə.njɔ̃/ | haleniez /a.lə.nje/ | halenaient /al.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | halenai /al.ne/ | halenas /al.na/ | halena /al.na/ | halenâmes /al.nam/ | halenâtes /al.nat/ | halenèrent /al.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | halènerai /a.lɛn.ʁe/ | halèneras /a.lɛn.ʁa/ | halènera /a.lɛn.ʁa/ | halènerons /a.lɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | halènerez /a.lɛn.ʁe/ | halèneront /a.lɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | halènerais /a.lɛn.ʁɛ/ | halènerais /a.lɛn.ʁɛ/ | halènerait /a.lɛn.ʁɛ/ | halènerions /a.lɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /a.le.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ | halèneriez /a.lɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /a.le.nə.ʁje/ | halèneraient /a.lɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | halène /a.lɛn/ | halènes /a.lɛn/ | halène /a.lɛn/ | halenions /a.lə.njɔ̃/ | haleniez /a.lə.nje/ | halènent /a.lɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | halenasse /al.nas/ | halenasses /al.nas/ | halenât /al.na/ | halenassions /al.na.sjɔ̃/ | halenassiez /al.na.sje/ | halenassent /al.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | halène /a.lɛn/ | — | halenons /al.nɔ̃/ | halenez /al.ne/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
- haleine
Further reading
- “halener”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.