haiku

haiku

See also: haïku, haikú, and Haiku

English

WOTD – 23 October 2009

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨo^H, “line”).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɪ.kuː/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈhaɪ.ku/, /haɪˈku/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uː

Noun

haiku (plural haiku or haikus)

1. A Japanese poem in three lines, the first and last consisting of five morae, and the second consisting of seven morae, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme.
   • 2009, January 25, “Colin Moynihan”, in A Project Documents Inauguration Day, in Washington and Across the Globe‎:

     Some of the results resemble haikus.

2. A three-line poem in any language, with five syllables in the first and last lines and seven syllables in the second, usually with an emphasis on the season or a naturalistic theme.

   Haiku, a poem

   five beats, then seven, then five

   ends as it began.

Synonyms

• hokku

Derived terms

• haikuish
• haikuist
• haikulike
• mathemaku
• pseudohaiku

 

Translations

Japanese poem of a specific form

Arabic: هَايْكُو‎ m (haykū) Chinese: Mandarin: 俳句 (zh) (páijù) Danish: haiku n or c Esperanto: hajko Finnish: haiku (fi) French: haïku (fr) m Georgian: ჰაიკუ (haiḳu) German: Haiku (de) n Gujarati: હાઇકુ (hāiku), સત્તરાક્ષરી (sattarākṣarī) Icelandic: hæka f Ido: haiko Indonesian: haiku (id) Japanese: 俳句 (ja) (はいく, haiku) Korean: 하이쿠 (haiku) Malay: haiku Marathi: हाइकु f (hāiku) Norwegian: haiku m Polish: haiku (pl) n Portuguese: haiku (pt) m Russian: ха́йку (ru) n (xájku), хо́кку (ru) n (xókku) Spanish: haiku (es) m, haikú (es) m Swedish: haiku (sv) c Tagalog: hayku

poem of similar structure

Arabic: هَايْكُو‎ m (haykū) Chinese: Mandarin: 俳句 (zh) (páijù) Danish: haiku n or c Esperanto: hajko Finnish: haiku (fi) French: haïku (fr) m Georgian: ჰაიკუ (haiḳu) German: Haiku (de) n Icelandic: hæka f Indonesian: haiku (id) Japanese: 俳句 (ja) (はいく, haiku) Korean: 하이쿠 (haiku) Malay: haiku Norwegian: haiku m Portuguese: haiku (pt) m Russian: ха́йку (ru) n (xájku), хо́кку (ru) n (xókku)

See also

• senryū: a short humorous poem similar to the haiku

Anagrams

• Ukiah

---

Catalan

Noun

haiku

1. a haiku

---

Cebuano

Etymology

From English haiku, from Japanese 俳句 (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨo^H, “line”).

Noun

haiku

1. a haiku

Anagrams

• kuhai

---

Finnish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑi̯ku/, [ˈhɑi̯ku]
• Rhymes: -ɑiku
• Syllabification^(key): hai‧ku

Etymology 1

From dialectal haika +‎ -u, from Proto-Finnic *haika, from Proto-Finno-Permic *šajka; cognates include Estonian haige (~ haikea) and Lule Sami suoikē.

Noun

haiku

1. (usually in the plural) puff, whiff (act of inhaling tobacco smoke)
2. puff, whiff, puff of smoke, whiff of smoke (small quantity of smoke in the air)

   Ilmassa on vähän haikua.

   There's a whiff of smoke in the air.

3. (poetic) smoke

   Tänne ihminen katoaa huomaamattomaksi, kuin tuo nuotion mitätön haiku iltataivaalle.

   Here a man vanishes into nothingness, like that tiny strand of smoke from the campfire to the evening sky.

Declension

Inflection of haiku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k- gradation)
nominative		haiku	haiut
genitive		haiun	haikujen
partitive		haikua	haikuja
illative		haikuun	haikuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		haiku	haiut
accusative	nom.	haiku	haiut
	gen.	haiun
genitive		haiun	haikujen
partitive		haikua	haikuja
inessive		haiussa	haiuissa
elative		haiusta	haiuista
illative		haikuun	haikuihin
adessive		haiulla	haiuilla
ablative		haiulta	haiuilta
allative		haiulle	haiuille
essive		haikuna	haikuina
translative		haiuksi	haiuiksi
instructive		—	haiuin
abessive		haiutta	haiuitta
comitative		—	haikuineen

Possessive forms of haiku (type valo)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	haikuni	haikumme
2nd person	haikusi	haikunne
3rd person	haikunsa

Synonyms

• savu, savut

Related terms

• haikea

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (haiku).

Noun

haiku

1. A haiku (type of Japanese poem; any poem written in haiku style).

Declension

Inflection of haiku (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		haiku	haikut
genitive		haikun	haikujen
partitive		haikua	haikuja
illative		haikuun	haikuihin
		singular	plural
nominative		haiku	haikut
accusative	nom.	haiku	haikut
	gen.	haikun
genitive		haikun	haikujen
partitive		haikua	haikuja
inessive		haikussa	haikuissa
elative		haikusta	haikuista
illative		haikuun	haikuihin
adessive		haikulla	haikuilla
ablative		haikulta	haikuilta
allative		haikulle	haikuille
essive		haikuna	haikuina
translative		haikuksi	haikuiksi
instructive		—	haikuin
abessive		haikutta	haikuitta
comitative		—	haikuineen

Possessive forms of haiku (type valo)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	haikuni	haikumme
2nd person	haikusi	haikunne
3rd person	haikunsa

Anagrams

• hauki, hiuka, kuhia, uhkia

---

French

Noun

haiku m (plural haikus)

1. Alternative spelling of haïku

---

Hungarian

Etymology

From Japanese 俳句 (はいく, haiku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɒjiku]
• Hyphenation: ha‧i‧ku
• Rhymes: -ku

Noun

haiku (plural haikuk)

1. haiku (a Japanese form of poetry consisting of seventeen syllables: five for the first line, seven for the second, and five for the third)

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
	singular	plural
nominative	haiku	haikuk
accusative	haikut	haikukat
dative	haikunak	haikuknak
instrumental	haikuval	haikukkal
causal-final	haikuért	haikukért
translative	haikuvá	haikukká
terminative	haikuig	haikukig
essive-formal	haikuként	haikukként
essive-modal	—	—
inessive	haikuban	haikukban
superessive	haikun	haikukon
adessive	haikunál	haikuknál
illative	haikuba	haikukba
sublative	haikura	haikukra
allative	haikuhoz	haikukhoz
elative	haikuból	haikukból
delative	haikuról	haikukról
ablative	haikutól	haikuktól
non-attributive possessive - singular	haikué	haikuké
non-attributive possessive - plural	haikuéi	haikukéi

Possessive forms of haiku
possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	haikum	haikuim
2nd person sing.	haikud	haikuid
3rd person sing.	haikuja	haikui
1st person plural	haikunk	haikuink
2nd person plural	haikutok	haikuitok
3rd person plural	haikujuk	haikuik

---

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (はいく, haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi, “paralleled [writing]”) + 句 (kɨo^H, “line”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hai.ku/
• Hyphenation: hai‧ku

Noun

haiku (first-person possessive haikuku, second-person possessive haikumu, third-person possessive haikunya)

1. haiku.

Further reading

• “haiku” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

---

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ajˈku/^*
• Rhymes: -u

Noun

haiku m (invariable)

1. haiku

---

Japanese

Romanization

haiku

1. Rōmaji transcription of はいく
2. Rōmaji transcription of ハイク

---

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (haiku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɪ̯.kʉ/

Noun

haiku m or n (definite singular haikuen or haikuet, indefinite plural haiku, definite plural haikuene)

1. (poetry) a haiku
   • 1999 May 10, Klassekampen, page 15:

     Det opprinnelige haikuet er japansk

     The original haiku is Japanese

---

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Ultimately borrowed from Japanese 俳句 (haiku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑɪ̯.kʉ/

Noun

haiku m or n (definite singular haikuen or haikuet, indefinite plural haikuar or haiku, definite plural haikuane or haikua)

1. (poetry) a haiku
   • 2000 April 3, Klassekampen, page 14:

     der finst ikkje så mange ord i eit haiku

     there aren't that many words in a haiku

   • 1998, Hadle Oftedal Andersen, editor, Poesiens pil, [Oslo]: Cappelen, page 170:

     Paal-Helge Haugen sette om japanske haikuar til norsk[.]

     Paal-Helge Haugen translated Japanese haikus into Norwegian.

---

Polish

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Japanese 俳句 (haiku), from Middle Chinese 俳 (bˠɛi) + 句 (kɨo^H).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xaˈi.ku/

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iku
• Syllabification: ha‧i‧ku

Noun

haiku n (indeclinable)

1. (poetry) haiku (Japanese poem of a specific form)

Further reading

• haiku in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• haiku in Polish dictionaries at PWN

---

Portuguese

Noun

haiku m (plural haikus)

1. (poetry) haiku (type of poem used in Japanese poetry)

---

Romanian

Etymology

From French haïku.

Noun

haiku n (plural haikuuri)

1. haiku

Declension

Declension of haiku

	singular		plural
	indefinite articulation	definite articulation	indefinite articulation	definite articulation
nominative/accusative	(un) haiku	haikul	(niște) haikuuri	haikuurile
genitive/dative	(unui) haiku	haikului	(unor) haikuuri	haikuurilor
vocative	haikule		haikuurilor

---

Spanish

Alternative forms

• haikú

Etymology

Borrowed from English haiku, from Japanese 俳句 (はいく, haiku).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈaiku/ [ˈai̯.ku]
  • Syllabification: hai‧ku
• IPA^(key): /ˈxaiku/ [ˈxai̯.ku]
• Rhymes: -aiku

Noun

haiku m (plural haikus)

1. haiku

Further reading

• “haiku”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014