-HAI
Navajo
Etymology
From Proto-Athabaskan *x̣aɣʸ (“winter”).
In Navajo, the initial fricative *x̣ of Proto-Athabaskan didn't sonorize to gh, so in verbal stems and in the nominal stem hai (“winter”) the initial voiceless fricative h is maintained (with the exception of the adverbial derivative díí ghaaí or dííghaaí (“this winter”), which shows a later sonorization). See also -ZHĮ́ (“summer”) for a similar situation.
Root
-HAI
- a winter, a year passes
Theme | Category | Bases | Reversionary (+ná) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ø | motion | a winter or a year passes
| a winter or a year returns
|
Stem set
Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MOM | -hááh | -hai | -hah | -hah | -hááh |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.
Antonyms
- -DĄĄD (spring)
- -KʼEED (fall)
- -ZHĮ́ (summer)
Derived terms
Navajo terms belonging to the root -HAI (winter passes)