alam

alam

See also: alām, alam-, and āläm

Estonian

Etymology

Ultimately derived from ala (“area”).

Noun

alam (genitive alama, partitive alama)

1. inferior, something or someone that is of a lower standing

Inflection

Inflection of alam (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)

	singular	plural
nominative	alam	alamad
accusative	alama	alamad
genitive	alama	alamate
partitive	alamat	alamaid
illative	alamasse	alamatesse alamaisse
inessive	alamas	alamates alamais
elative	alamast	alamatest alamaist
allative	alamale	alamatele alamaile
adessive	alamal	alamatel alamail
ablative	alamalt	alamatelt alamailt
translative	alamaks	alamateks alamaiks
terminative	alamani	alamateni
essive	alamana	alamatena
abessive	alamata	alamateta
comitative	alamaga	alamatega

Derived terms

• alam-

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Hiligaynon

Etymology

From Malay alam, from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Noun

álam

1. knowledge, learning

Derived terms

• maálam
• paálam

Verb

álam

1. to be or become wise

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Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈalam]
• Rhymes: -alam, -lam, -am, -m
• Hyphenation: alam

Etymology 1

From Malay alam, from Classical Malay عالم‎ (alam), from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).[1]

Noun

alam (first-person possessive alamku, second-person possessive alammu, third-person possessive alamnya)

1. universe: the sum of everything that exists in the cosmos, including time and space itself.
2. nature: the natural world; that which consists of all things unaffected by or predating human technology, production, and design.
3. world

   Synonym: dunia

4. realm: a territory or state, as ruled by a specific power, especially by a king.

   Synonyms: daerah, kerajaan, negeri

Derived terms

• beralam
• kealaman

 

• alam akhirat
• alam arwah
• alam astral
• alam baka
• alam barzakh
• alam besar
• alam fana
• alam gaib
• alam kabir
• alam kecil
• alam kekal
• alam kelanggengan
• alam kubur
• alam malakut
• alam misal
• alam nabati
• alam pikiran
• alam rahim
• alam raya
• alam sagir
• alam samar
• alam semesta
• alam semesta datar
• alam semesta terbuka
• alam semesta tertutup

 

• gas alam
• ilmu alam
• ilmu pengetahuan alam

 

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَم‎ (ʿalam, “flag, banner; authority, distinguished man”).[2]

Noun

alam

1. banner, standard

   Synonyms: bendera, panji

2. an official of religious affairs in Banten and Madura

Derived terms

• berpengalaman
• mengalami
• pengalam
• pengalaman

 

References

1. Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, OCLC 29420936
2. Erwina Burhanuddin; Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan; R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, OCLC 29420936

Further reading

• “alam” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

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Kavalan

Noun

alam

1. bird

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Lacandon

Adverb

alam

1. down

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Latin

Pronunciation

• ālam: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈaː.lam/, [ˈäːɫ̪ä̃ˑ]
• ālam: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäːläm]
• alam: (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäɫ̪ä̃ˑ]
• alam: (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈa.lam/, [ˈäːläm]

Noun

ālam f

1. accusative singular of āla

Verb

alam

1. inflection of alō:
   1. first-person singular future active indicative
   2. first-person singular present active subjunctive

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Malay

Etymology

From Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Noun

alam (Jawi spelling عالم‎, plural alam-alam, informal 1st possessive alamku, 2nd possessive alammu, 3rd possessive alamnya)

1. realm, world
2. field (of interest)

Derived terms

• alam baqa (“afterlife”)
• alam barzakh (“Islamic afterlife”)
• alam maya (“social media”)
• alam semesta (“universe”)

 

Descendants

• Indonesian: alam

Further reading

• “alam” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.

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Portuguese

Verb

alam

1. third-person plural present indicative of alar

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Tagalog

Etymology 1

Compare Bikol Central aram.

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧lam
• IPA^(key): /ʔaˈlam/, [ʔɐˈlam]
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm] (noun, uncommon)
• Rhymes: -alam

Noun

alám or alam

1. knowledge; learning; wisdom

   Synonyms: talino, dunong

2. understanding; sense

   Synonym: unawa

3. involvement; participation

Adjective

alám

1. known; familiar

   Synonyms: batid, lantad

2. aware; conscious; cognizant; sensible

   Synonyms: batid, tukoy

3. clear; understood

   Synonym: maliwanag

Derived terms

• alaman
• alamin
• bigay-alam
• dalub-alaman
• hindi alam
• hindi ko alam
• ipaalam
• ipaalam
• ipagbigay-alam
• kaalam
• kaalam-alam
• kaalaman
• kawalang-alam
• kawalang-alam
• kinalaman
• maalam
• magbigay-alam
• magkaalaman
• makaalam
• makialam
• makipag-alam
• malaman
• mapag-alaman
• mapakialam
• nakaaalam
• nakakaalam
• pagbibigay-alam
• pagbigay-alaman
• pagbigyang-alam
• pagkaalam
• pagkakaalam
• pakialam
• pakialaman
• pakialamera
• pakialamero
• pakikipag-alam
• umalam
• walang-kinalaman
• walang-nalalaman

 

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: a‧lam
• IPA^(key): /ˈʔalam/, [ˈʔa.lɐm]
• Rhymes: -alam

Noun

alam

1. root used in the word paalam to mean "goodbye"

Derived terms

• magpaalam
• magpaalaman
• makapagpaalam
• mamaalam
• paalam
• pagkapagpaalam
• pagpaalaman
• pagpapaalam
• pagpapaalaman
• pamamaalam

 

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Ternate

Etymology

Ultimately from Arabic عَالَم‎ (ʿālam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈa.lam]

Noun

alam

1. world, universe

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

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Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English alarm.

Noun

alam

1. alarm