gyöngy
Hungarian
Etymology
From a Turkic language, from Middle Chinese 珍珠 (MC ʈˠiɪn t͡ɕɨo, “pearl”) ~ 眞珠 (MC t͡ɕiɪn t͡ɕɨo, “genuine pearl”). Compare Old Turkic [script needed] (yençü), Turkish inci.[1][2]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɟøɲɟ]
- Rhymes: -øɲɟ
Noun
gyöngy (plural gyöngyök)
- pearl (a hard round object produced by certain mollusks, often used as jewelry)
- bead (any similar, but usually much less valuable object used as part of jewelry, often has a hole; can be made of any material, such as glass, stone, wood, plastic)
Declension
| Inflection (stem in -ö-, front rounded harmony) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | gyöngy | gyöngyök |
| accusative | gyöngyöt | gyöngyöket |
| dative | gyöngynek | gyöngyöknek |
| instrumental | gyönggyel | gyöngyökkel |
| causal-final | gyöngyért | gyöngyökért |
| translative | gyönggyé | gyöngyökké |
| terminative | gyöngyig | gyöngyökig |
| essive-formal | gyöngyként | gyöngyökként |
| essive-modal | — | — |
| inessive | gyöngyben | gyöngyökben |
| superessive | gyöngyön | gyöngyökön |
| adessive | gyöngynél | gyöngyöknél |
| illative | gyöngybe | gyöngyökbe |
| sublative | gyöngyre | gyöngyökre |
| allative | gyöngyhöz | gyöngyökhöz |
| elative | gyöngyből | gyöngyökből |
| delative | gyöngyről | gyöngyökről |
| ablative | gyöngytől | gyöngyöktől |
| non-attributive possessive - singular | gyöngyé | gyöngyöké |
| non-attributive possessive - plural | gyöngyéi | gyöngyökéi |
| Possessive forms of gyöngy | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
| 1st person sing. | gyöngyöm | gyöngyeim |
| 2nd person sing. | gyöngyöd | gyöngyeid |
| 3rd person sing. | gyöngye | gyöngyei |
| 1st person plural | gyöngyünk | gyöngyeink |
| 2nd person plural | gyöngyötök | gyöngyeitek |
| 3rd person plural | gyöngyük | gyöngyeik |
Derived terms
- gyöngyös
- gyöngyözik
Compound words
- fagyöngy
- gyöngybagoly
- gyöngybetű
- gyöngyélet
- gyöngyhalász
- gyöngyház
- gyöngykagyló
- gyöngysor
- gyöngyszem
- gyöngyszín
- gyöngyszürke
- gyöngytyúk
- gyöngyvirág
Expressions
- disznók elé szórja a gyöngyöt
References
- gyöngy in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
- Tekin, Talat (1997). "Notes on some Chinese Loanwords in Old Turkic", Türk Dilleri Araştırmaları, 7, p. 166 of pp. 165-173.
Further reading
- gyöngy in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN