gxiviza
Zulu
Etymology
Cognate with Xhosa -gximfiza.
Verb
-gxiviza?
- to flatten, to crush
- to stamp (a document)
Inflection
Tone unknown | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugxiviza | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugxiviza | ukungagxivizi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gxiviza | -gxivize | |||||||
Plural | gxivizani | -gxivizeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagxiviza, ngigxiviza | engigxivizayo, engigxiviza | ngigxiviza | angigxivizi | engingagxivizi | ngingagxivizi | |||
2nd singular | uyagxiviza, ugxiviza | ogxivizayo, ogxiviza | ugxiviza | awugxivizi | ongagxivizi | ungagxivizi | |||
1st plural | siyagxiviza, sigxiviza | esigxivizayo, esigxiviza | sigxiviza | asigxivizi | esingagxivizi | singagxivizi | |||
2nd plural | niyagxiviza, nigxiviza | enigxivizayo, enigxiviza | nigxiviza | anigxivizi | eningagxivizi | ningagxivizi | |||
Class 1 | uyagxiviza, ugxiviza | ogxivizayo, ogxiviza | egxiviza | akagxivizi | ongagxivizi | engagxivizi | |||
Class 2 | bayagxiviza, bagxiviza | abagxivizayo, abagxiviza | begxiviza | abagxivizi | abangagxivizi | bengagxivizi | |||
Class 3 | uyagxiviza, ugxiviza | ogxivizayo, ogxiviza | ugxiviza | awugxivizi | ongagxivizi | ungagxivizi | |||
Class 4 | iyagxiviza, igxiviza | egxivizayo, egxiviza | igxiviza | ayigxivizi | engagxivizi | ingagxivizi | |||
Class 5 | liyagxiviza, ligxiviza | eligxivizayo, eligxiviza | ligxiviza | aligxivizi | elingagxivizi | lingagxivizi | |||
Class 6 | ayagxiviza, agxiviza | agxivizayo, agxiviza | egxiviza | awagxivizi | angagxivizi | engagxivizi | |||
Class 7 | siyagxiviza, sigxiviza | esigxivizayo, esigxiviza | sigxiviza | asigxivizi | esingagxivizi | singagxivizi | |||
Class 8 | ziyagxiviza, zigxiviza | ezigxivizayo, ezigxiviza | zigxiviza | azigxivizi | ezingagxivizi | zingagxivizi | |||
Class 9 | iyagxiviza, igxiviza | egxivizayo, egxiviza | igxiviza | ayigxivizi | engagxivizi | ingagxivizi | |||
Class 10 | ziyagxiviza, zigxiviza | ezigxivizayo, ezigxiviza | zigxiviza | azigxivizi | ezingagxivizi | zingagxivizi | |||
Class 11 | luyagxiviza, lugxiviza | olugxivizayo, olugxiviza | lugxiviza | alugxivizi | olungagxivizi | lungagxivizi | |||
Class 14 | buyagxiviza, bugxiviza | obugxivizayo, obugxiviza | bugxiviza | abugxivizi | obungagxivizi | bungagxivizi | |||
Class 15 | kuyagxiviza, kugxiviza | okugxivizayo, okugxiviza | kugxiviza | akugxivizi | okungagxivizi | kungagxivizi | |||
Class 17 | kuyagxiviza, kugxiviza | okugxivizayo, okugxiviza | kugxiviza | akugxivizi | okungagxivizi | kungagxivizi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigxivizile, ngigxivizē | engigxivizile, engigxivizē | ngigxivizile, ngigxivizē | angigxivizanga | engingagxivizanga | ngingagxivizanga | |||
2nd singular | ugxivizile, ugxivizē | ogxivizile, ogxivizē | ugxivizile, ugxivizē | awugxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | ungagxivizanga | |||
1st plural | sigxivizile, sigxivizē | esigxivizile, esigxivizē | sigxivizile, sigxivizē | asigxivizanga | esingagxivizanga | singagxivizanga | |||
2nd plural | nigxivizile, nigxivizē | enigxivizile, enigxivizē | nigxivizile, nigxivizē | anigxivizanga | eningagxivizanga | ningagxivizanga | |||
Class 1 | ugxivizile, ugxivizē | ogxivizile, ogxivizē | egxivizile, egxivizē | akagxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | engagxivizanga | |||
Class 2 | bagxivizile, bagxivizē | abagxivizile, abagxivizē | begxivizile, begxivizē | abagxivizanga | abangagxivizanga | bengagxivizanga | |||
Class 3 | ugxivizile, ugxivizē | ogxivizile, ogxivizē | ugxivizile, ugxivizē | awugxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | ungagxivizanga | |||
Class 4 | igxivizile, igxivizē | egxivizile, egxivizē | igxivizile, igxivizē | ayigxivizanga | engagxivizanga | ingagxivizanga | |||
Class 5 | ligxivizile, ligxivizē | eligxivizile, eligxivizē | ligxivizile, ligxivizē | aligxivizanga | elingagxivizanga | lingagxivizanga | |||
Class 6 | agxivizile, agxivizē | agxivizile, agxivizē | egxivizile, egxivizē | awagxivizanga | angagxivizanga | engagxivizanga | |||
Class 7 | sigxivizile, sigxivizē | esigxivizile, esigxivizē | sigxivizile, sigxivizē | asigxivizanga | esingagxivizanga | singagxivizanga | |||
Class 8 | zigxivizile, zigxivizē | ezigxivizile, ezigxivizē | zigxivizile, zigxivizē | azigxivizanga | ezingagxivizanga | zingagxivizanga | |||
Class 9 | igxivizile, igxivizē | egxivizile, egxivizē | igxivizile, igxivizē | ayigxivizanga | engagxivizanga | ingagxivizanga | |||
Class 10 | zigxivizile, zigxivizē | ezigxivizile, ezigxivizē | zigxivizile, zigxivizē | azigxivizanga | ezingagxivizanga | zingagxivizanga | |||
Class 11 | lugxivizile, lugxivizē | olugxivizile, olugxivizē | lugxivizile, lugxivizē | alugxivizanga | olungagxivizanga | lungagxivizanga | |||
Class 14 | bugxivizile, bugxivizē | obugxivizile, obugxivizē | bugxivizile, bugxivizē | abugxivizanga | obungagxivizanga | bungagxivizanga | |||
Class 15 | kugxivizile, kugxivizē | okugxivizile, okugxivizē | kugxivizile, kugxivizē | akugxivizanga | okungagxivizanga | kungagxivizanga | |||
Class 17 | kugxivizile, kugxivizē | okugxivizile, okugxivizē | kugxivizile, kugxivizē | akugxivizanga | okungagxivizanga | kungagxivizanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgxiviza | engāgxiviza | ngāgxiviza | angigxivizanga | engingagxivizanga | ngingagxivizanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgxiviza | owāgxiviza | wāgxiviza | awugxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | ungagxivizanga | |||
1st plural | sāgxiviza | esāgxiviza | sāgxiviza | asigxivizanga | esingagxivizanga | singagxivizanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgxiviza | enāgxiviza | nāgxiviza | anigxivizanga | eningagxivizanga | ningagxivizanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgxiviza | owāgxiviza | āgxiviza | akagxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | engagxivizanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgxiviza | abāgxiviza | bāgxiviza | abagxivizanga | abangagxivizanga | bengagxivizanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgxiviza | owāgxiviza | wāgxiviza | awugxivizanga | ongagxivizanga | ungagxivizanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgxiviza | eyāgxiviza | yāgxiviza | ayigxivizanga | engagxivizanga | ingagxivizanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgxiviza | elāgxiviza | lāgxiviza | aligxivizanga | elingagxivizanga | lingagxivizanga | |||
Class 6 | āgxiviza | āgxiviza | āgxiviza | awagxivizanga | angagxivizanga | engagxivizanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgxiviza | esāgxiviza | sāgxiviza | asigxivizanga | esingagxivizanga | singagxivizanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgxiviza | ezāgxiviza | zāgxiviza | azigxivizanga | ezingagxivizanga | zingagxivizanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgxiviza | eyāgxiviza | yāgxiviza | ayigxivizanga | engagxivizanga | ingagxivizanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgxiviza | ezāgxiviza | zāgxiviza | azigxivizanga | ezingagxivizanga | zingagxivizanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgxiviza | olwāgxiviza | lwāgxiviza | alugxivizanga | olungagxivizanga | lungagxivizanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgxiviza | obāgxiviza | bāgxiviza | abugxivizanga | obungagxivizanga | bungagxivizanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgxiviza | okwāgxiviza | kwāgxiviza | akugxivizanga | okungagxivizanga | kungagxivizanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgxiviza | okwāgxiviza | kwāgxiviza | akugxivizanga | okungagxivizanga | kungagxivizanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagxiviza | — | ngingagxiviza | ngingegxivize | — | ngingegxivize | |||
2nd singular | ungagxiviza | — | ungagxiviza | ungegxivize | — | ungegxivize | |||
1st plural | singagxiviza | — | singagxiviza | singegxivize | — | singegxivize | |||
2nd plural | ningagxiviza | — | ningagxiviza | ningegxivize | — | ningegxivize | |||
Class 1 | angagxiviza | — | engagxiviza | angegxivize | — | engegxivize | |||
Class 2 | bangagxiviza | — | bengagxiviza | bangegxivize | — | bengegxivize | |||
Class 3 | ungagxiviza | — | ungagxiviza | ungegxivize | — | ungegxivize | |||
Class 4 | ingagxiviza | — | ingagxiviza | ingegxivize | — | ingegxivize | |||
Class 5 | lingagxiviza | — | lingagxiviza | lingegxivize | — | lingegxivize | |||
Class 6 | angagxiviza | — | engagxiviza | angegxivize | — | engegxivize | |||
Class 7 | singagxiviza | — | singagxiviza | singegxivize | — | singegxivize | |||
Class 8 | zingagxiviza | — | zingagxiviza | zingegxivize | — | zingegxivize | |||
Class 9 | ingagxiviza | — | ingagxiviza | ingegxivize | — | ingegxivize | |||
Class 10 | zingagxiviza | — | zingagxiviza | zingegxivize | — | zingegxivize | |||
Class 11 | lungagxiviza | — | lungagxiviza | lungegxivize | — | lungegxivize | |||
Class 14 | bungagxiviza | — | bungagxiviza | bungegxivize | — | bungegxivize | |||
Class 15 | kungagxiviza | — | kungagxiviza | kungegxivize | — | kungegxivize | |||
Class 17 | kungagxiviza | — | kungagxiviza | kungegxivize | — | kungegxivize | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogxiviza | engizogxiviza | ngizogxiviza | angizugxiviza | engingezugxiviza | ngingezugxiviza | |||
2nd singular | uzogxiviza | ozogxiviza | uzogxiviza | awuzugxiviza | ongezugxiviza | ungezugxiviza | |||
1st plural | sizogxiviza | esizogxiviza | sizogxiviza | asizugxiviza | esingezugxiviza | singezugxiviza | |||
2nd plural | nizogxiviza | enizogxiviza | nizogxiviza | anizugxiviza | eningezugxiviza | ningezugxiviza | |||
Class 1 | uzogxiviza | ozogxiviza | ezogxiviza | akazugxiviza | ongezugxiviza | engezugxiviza | |||
Class 2 | bazogxiviza | abazogxiviza | bezogxiviza | abazugxiviza | abangezugxiviza | bengezugxiviza | |||
Class 3 | uzogxiviza | ozogxiviza | uzogxiviza | awuzugxiviza | ongezugxiviza | ungezugxiviza | |||
Class 4 | izogxiviza | ezogxiviza | izogxiviza | ayizugxiviza | engezugxiviza | ingezugxiviza | |||
Class 5 | lizogxiviza | elizogxiviza | lizogxiviza | alizugxiviza | elingezugxiviza | lingezugxiviza | |||
Class 6 | azogxiviza | azogxiviza | ezogxiviza | awazugxiviza | angezugxiviza | engezugxiviza | |||
Class 7 | sizogxiviza | esizogxiviza | sizogxiviza | asizugxiviza | esingezugxiviza | singezugxiviza | |||
Class 8 | zizogxiviza | ezizogxiviza | zizogxiviza | azizugxiviza | ezingezugxiviza | zingezugxiviza | |||
Class 9 | izogxiviza | ezogxiviza | izogxiviza | ayizugxiviza | engezugxiviza | ingezugxiviza | |||
Class 10 | zizogxiviza | ezizogxiviza | zizogxiviza | azizugxiviza | ezingezugxiviza | zingezugxiviza | |||
Class 11 | luzogxiviza | oluzogxiviza | luzogxiviza | aluzugxiviza | olungezugxiviza | lungezugxiviza | |||
Class 14 | buzogxiviza | obuzogxiviza | buzogxiviza | abuzugxiviza | obungezugxiviza | bungezugxiviza | |||
Class 15 | kuzogxiviza | okuzogxiviza | kuzogxiviza | akuzugxiviza | okungezugxiviza | kungezugxiviza | |||
Class 17 | kuzogxiviza | okuzogxiviza | kuzogxiviza | akuzugxiviza | okungezugxiviza | kungezugxiviza | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogxiviza | engiyogxiviza | ngiyogxiviza | angiyugxiviza | engingeyugxiviza | ngingeyugxiviza | |||
2nd singular | uyogxiviza | oyogxiviza | uyogxiviza | awuyugxiviza | ongeyugxiviza | ungeyugxiviza | |||
1st plural | siyogxiviza | esiyogxiviza | siyogxiviza | asiyugxiviza | esingeyugxiviza | singeyugxiviza | |||
2nd plural | niyogxiviza | eniyogxiviza | niyogxiviza | aniyugxiviza | eningeyugxiviza | ningeyugxiviza | |||
Class 1 | uyogxiviza | oyogxiviza | eyogxiviza | akayugxiviza | ongeyugxiviza | engeyugxiviza | |||
Class 2 | bayogxiviza | abayogxiviza | beyogxiviza | abayugxiviza | abangeyugxiviza | bengeyugxiviza | |||
Class 3 | uyogxiviza | oyogxiviza | uyogxiviza | awuyugxiviza | ongeyugxiviza | ungeyugxiviza | |||
Class 4 | iyogxiviza | eyogxiviza | iyogxiviza | ayiyugxiviza | engeyugxiviza | ingeyugxiviza | |||
Class 5 | liyogxiviza | eliyogxiviza | liyogxiviza | aliyugxiviza | elingeyugxiviza | lingeyugxiviza | |||
Class 6 | ayogxiviza | ayogxiviza | eyogxiviza | awayugxiviza | angeyugxiviza | engeyugxiviza | |||
Class 7 | siyogxiviza | esiyogxiviza | siyogxiviza | asiyugxiviza | esingeyugxiviza | singeyugxiviza | |||
Class 8 | ziyogxiviza | eziyogxiviza | ziyogxiviza | aziyugxiviza | ezingeyugxiviza | zingeyugxiviza | |||
Class 9 | iyogxiviza | eyogxiviza | iyogxiviza | ayiyugxiviza | engeyugxiviza | ingeyugxiviza | |||
Class 10 | ziyogxiviza | eziyogxiviza | ziyogxiviza | aziyugxiviza | ezingeyugxiviza | zingeyugxiviza | |||
Class 11 | luyogxiviza | oluyogxiviza | luyogxiviza | aluyugxiviza | olungeyugxiviza | lungeyugxiviza | |||
Class 14 | buyogxiviza | obuyogxiviza | buyogxiviza | abuyugxiviza | obungeyugxiviza | bungeyugxiviza | |||
Class 15 | kuyogxiviza | okuyogxiviza | kuyogxiviza | akuyugxiviza | okungeyugxiviza | kungeyugxiviza | |||
Class 17 | kuyogxiviza | okuyogxiviza | kuyogxiviza | akuyugxiviza | okungeyugxiviza | kungeyugxiviza | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigxivize | ngingagxivizi | |||||||
2nd singular | ugxivize | ungagxivizi | |||||||
1st plural | sigxivize | singagxivizi | |||||||
2nd plural | nigxivize | ningagxivizi | |||||||
Class 1 | agxivize | angagxivizi | |||||||
Class 2 | bagxivize | bangagxivizi | |||||||
Class 3 | ugxivize | ungagxivizi | |||||||
Class 4 | igxivize | ingagxivizi | |||||||
Class 5 | ligxivize | lingagxivizi | |||||||
Class 6 | agxivize | angagxivizi | |||||||
Class 7 | sigxivize | singagxivizi | |||||||
Class 8 | zigxivize | zingagxivizi | |||||||
Class 9 | igxivize | ingagxivizi | |||||||
Class 10 | zigxivize | zingagxivizi | |||||||
Class 11 | lugxivize | lungagxivizi | |||||||
Class 14 | bugxivize | bungagxivizi | |||||||
Class 15 | kugxivize | kungagxivizi | |||||||
Class 17 | kugxivize | kungagxivizi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagxiviza | ngangagxiviza, angagxiviza, angangagxiviza | |||||||
2nd singular | wagxiviza | wangagxiviza, awagxiviza, awangagxiviza | |||||||
1st plural | sagxiviza | sangagxiviza, asagxiviza, asangagxiviza | |||||||
2nd plural | nagxiviza | nangagxiviza, anagxiviza, anangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 1 | wagxiviza | wangagxiviza, akagxiviza, akangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 2 | bagxiviza | bangagxiviza, abagxiviza, abangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 3 | wagxiviza | wangagxiviza, awagxiviza, awangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 4 | yagxiviza | yangagxiviza, ayagxiviza, ayangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 5 | lagxiviza | langagxiviza, alagxiviza, alangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 6 | agxiviza | angagxiviza, awagxiviza, awangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 7 | sagxiviza | sangagxiviza, asagxiviza, asangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 8 | zagxiviza | zangagxiviza, azagxiviza, azangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 9 | yagxiviza | yangagxiviza, ayagxiviza, ayangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 10 | zagxiviza | zangagxiviza, azagxiviza, azangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagxiviza | lwangagxiviza, alwagxiviza, alwangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 14 | bagxiviza | bangagxiviza, abagxiviza, abangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagxiviza | kwangagxiviza, akwagxiviza, akwangagxiviza | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagxiviza | kwangagxiviza, akwagxiviza, akwangagxiviza |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gxiviza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gxiviza (3.2.9)”