gwneud
Welsh
Alternative forms
- gwneuthur
Etymology
Back-formation from gwneuthur, from Middle Welsh gwneuthur, altered from *gwreithur with -n- from gwnïo (“to sew”), from Proto-Celtic *wregeti (compare Cornish gwra (“he does, makes”), Breton gra (“he does, makes”), Old Irish fairged (“they made”)), from Proto-Indo-European *werǵ- (compare English work). Middle Welsh preserved the -r- in the preterite: gwreith (“I did, made”), goruc (“he did, made”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ɡwneɨ̯d/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡneɨ̯d/, /neɨ̯d/
- (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡwnei̯d/
- (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɡnei̯d/, /nei̯d/
- Rhymes: -eɨ̯d
Verb
gwneud (first-person singular present gwnaf)
- to do; to make
- Dw i'n gwneud e heddiw. ― I am doing it today.
- Wyt ti'n gwneud y brecwast y bore 'ma? ― Are you making breakfast this morning?
- auxiliary verb used to form the past or future tenses.
- Wnes i anghofio. ― I forgot. (literally, “I did forget.”)
- Wnest ti gofio'r ateb. ― You remembered the answer. (literally, “You did remember the answer.”)
- Wnaethoch chi ei gweld hi? ― Did you see her?
- Wnaeth o fwyta'r brechdan? ― Did he eat the sandwich?
- Wnaeth hi dy weld di. ― She saw you. (literally, “She did see you.”)
- Wnaeth y ci ddim bwyta'r cig. ― The dog didn't eat the meat.
- Wnaethon ni ddod adref. ― We came home. (literally, “We did come home.”)
- Wnaethon nhw ddim mynd i Fangor. ― They didn't go to Bangor.
Conjugation
Conjugation
| Literary forms | singular | plural | impersonal | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| present indicative/future | gwnaf, gwnelaf | gwnei, gwneli | gwna, gwnelir | gwnawn, gwnelwn | gwnewch, gwnelwch | gwnânt, gwnelant | gwneir, gwnelir |
| imperfect indicative/conditional | gwnawn | gwnait | gwnâi | gwnaem | gwnaech | gwnaent | gwneid |
| preterite | gwneuthum | gwnaethost | gwnaeth | gwnaethom | gwnaethoch | gwnaethant | gwnaethpwyd, gwnaed, gwnawd |
| pluperfect | gwnaethwn | gwnaethit | gwnaethai | gwnaethem | gwnaethech | gwnaethent | gwnaethid, gwnelsid |
| present subjunctive | gwnelwyf | gwnelych | gwnêl, gwnelo | gwnelom | gwneloch | gwnelont | gwneler, gwnaer |
| imperfect subjunctive | gwnelwn | gwnelit | gwnelai | gwnelem | gwnelech | gwnelent | gwnelid |
| imperative | — | gwna | gwnaed | gwnawn | gwnewch | gwnaent | gwnaer, gwneler |
| verbal noun | gwneud, gwneuthur | ||||||
| verbal adjectives | gwneuthuredig, gwneuthuriedig gwneuthuradwy | ||||||
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| preterite | gwnes i gnes i nes i | gwnest ti gnest ti nest ti | gwnaeth o/e/hi gnaeth o/e/hi naeth o/e/hi | gwnaethon ni gnaethon ni naethon ni | gwnaethoch chi gnaethoch chi naethoch chi | gwnaethon nhw gnaethon nhw naethon nhw | ||
| future | gwna i gna i na i | gwnei di gnei di nei di | gwneith o/e/hi gneith o/e/hi neith o/e/hi gwnaiff o/e/hi gnaiff o/e/hi naiff o/e/hi | gwnawn ni gnawn ni nawn ni | gwnewch chi gnewch chi newch chi | gwnân nhw gnân nhw nân nhw | ||
| conditional | gwnawn i gnawn i nawn i gwnelwn i gnelwn i nelwn i | gwnaet ti gnaet ti naet ti gwnelet ti gnelet ti nelet ti | gwnâi o/e/hi gnâi o/e/hi nâi o/e/hi gwnelai o/e/hi gnelai o/e/hi nelai o/e/hi | gwnaen ni gnaen ni naen ni gwnelen ni gnelen ni nelen ni | gwnaech chi gnaech chi naech chi gwnelech chi gnelech chi nelech chi | gwnaen nhw gnaen nhw naen nhw gwnelen nhw gnelen nhw nelen nhw | ||
| imperative | — | gwna | — | — | gwnewch | — | ||
| verbal noun | gwneud, gneud, neud | |||||||
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||||
Derived terms
- ymwneud (“to do (with)”)
Related terms
- gweithred
Mutation
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| gwneud | wneud | ngwneud | unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||