gwinqa
Zulu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɡwiːᵑǃa/
Verb
-gwinqa
- (transitive) to swallow
- Synonym: -gwinya
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukugwinqa | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukugwinqa | ukungagwinqi | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | gwinqa | -gwinqe | |||||||
Plural | gwinqani | -gwinqeni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyagwinqa, ngigwinqa | engigwinqayo, engigwinqa | ngigwinqa | angigwinqi | engingagwinqi | ngingagwinqi | |||
2nd singular | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | ugwinqa | awugwinqi | ongagwinqi | ungagwinqi | |||
1st plural | siyagwinqa, sigwinqa | esigwinqayo, esigwinqa | sigwinqa | asigwinqi | esingagwinqi | singagwinqi | |||
2nd plural | niyagwinqa, nigwinqa | enigwinqayo, enigwinqa | nigwinqa | anigwinqi | eningagwinqi | ningagwinqi | |||
Class 1 | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | egwinqa | akagwinqi | ongagwinqi | engagwinqi | |||
Class 2 | bayagwinqa, bagwinqa | abagwinqayo, abagwinqa | begwinqa | abagwinqi | abangagwinqi | bengagwinqi | |||
Class 3 | uyagwinqa, ugwinqa | ogwinqayo, ogwinqa | ugwinqa | awugwinqi | ongagwinqi | ungagwinqi | |||
Class 4 | iyagwinqa, igwinqa | egwinqayo, egwinqa | igwinqa | ayigwinqi | engagwinqi | ingagwinqi | |||
Class 5 | liyagwinqa, ligwinqa | eligwinqayo, eligwinqa | ligwinqa | aligwinqi | elingagwinqi | lingagwinqi | |||
Class 6 | ayagwinqa, agwinqa | agwinqayo, agwinqa | egwinqa | awagwinqi | angagwinqi | engagwinqi | |||
Class 7 | siyagwinqa, sigwinqa | esigwinqayo, esigwinqa | sigwinqa | asigwinqi | esingagwinqi | singagwinqi | |||
Class 8 | ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa | ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa | zigwinqa | azigwinqi | ezingagwinqi | zingagwinqi | |||
Class 9 | iyagwinqa, igwinqa | egwinqayo, egwinqa | igwinqa | ayigwinqi | engagwinqi | ingagwinqi | |||
Class 10 | ziyagwinqa, zigwinqa | ezigwinqayo, ezigwinqa | zigwinqa | azigwinqi | ezingagwinqi | zingagwinqi | |||
Class 11 | luyagwinqa, lugwinqa | olugwinqayo, olugwinqa | lugwinqa | alugwinqi | olungagwinqi | lungagwinqi | |||
Class 14 | buyagwinqa, bugwinqa | obugwinqayo, obugwinqa | bugwinqa | abugwinqi | obungagwinqi | bungagwinqi | |||
Class 15 | kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa | okugwinqayo, okugwinqa | kugwinqa | akugwinqi | okungagwinqi | kungagwinqi | |||
Class 17 | kuyagwinqa, kugwinqa | okugwinqayo, okugwinqa | kugwinqa | akugwinqi | okungagwinqi | kungagwinqi | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē | engigwinqile, engigwinqē | ngigwinqile, ngigwinqē | angigwinqanga | engingagwinqanga | ngingagwinqanga | |||
2nd singular | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga | |||
1st plural | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | esigwinqile, esigwinqē | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga | |||
2nd plural | nigwinqile, nigwinqē | enigwinqile, enigwinqē | nigwinqile, nigwinqē | anigwinqanga | eningagwinqanga | ningagwinqanga | |||
Class 1 | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | akagwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | engagwinqanga | |||
Class 2 | bagwinqile, bagwinqē | abagwinqile, abagwinqē | begwinqile, begwinqē | abagwinqanga | abangagwinqanga | bengagwinqanga | |||
Class 3 | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | ogwinqile, ogwinqē | ugwinqile, ugwinqē | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga | |||
Class 4 | igwinqile, igwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | igwinqile, igwinqē | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga | |||
Class 5 | ligwinqile, ligwinqē | eligwinqile, eligwinqē | ligwinqile, ligwinqē | aligwinqanga | elingagwinqanga | lingagwinqanga | |||
Class 6 | agwinqile, agwinqē | agwinqile, agwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | awagwinqanga | angagwinqanga | engagwinqanga | |||
Class 7 | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | esigwinqile, esigwinqē | sigwinqile, sigwinqē | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga | |||
Class 8 | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga | |||
Class 9 | igwinqile, igwinqē | egwinqile, egwinqē | igwinqile, igwinqē | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga | |||
Class 10 | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | ezigwinqile, ezigwinqē | zigwinqile, zigwinqē | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga | |||
Class 11 | lugwinqile, lugwinqē | olugwinqile, olugwinqē | lugwinqile, lugwinqē | alugwinqanga | olungagwinqanga | lungagwinqanga | |||
Class 14 | bugwinqile, bugwinqē | obugwinqile, obugwinqē | bugwinqile, bugwinqē | abugwinqanga | obungagwinqanga | bungagwinqanga | |||
Class 15 | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | okugwinqile, okugwinqē | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga | |||
Class 17 | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | okugwinqile, okugwinqē | kugwinqile, kugwinqē | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngāgwinqa | engāgwinqa | ngāgwinqa | angigwinqanga | engingagwinqanga | ngingagwinqanga | |||
2nd singular | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | wāgwinqa | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga | |||
1st plural | sāgwinqa | esāgwinqa | sāgwinqa | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga | |||
2nd plural | nāgwinqa | enāgwinqa | nāgwinqa | anigwinqanga | eningagwinqanga | ningagwinqanga | |||
Class 1 | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | āgwinqa | akagwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | engagwinqanga | |||
Class 2 | bāgwinqa | abāgwinqa | bāgwinqa | abagwinqanga | abangagwinqanga | bengagwinqanga | |||
Class 3 | wāgwinqa | owāgwinqa | wāgwinqa | awugwinqanga | ongagwinqanga | ungagwinqanga | |||
Class 4 | yāgwinqa | eyāgwinqa | yāgwinqa | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga | |||
Class 5 | lāgwinqa | elāgwinqa | lāgwinqa | aligwinqanga | elingagwinqanga | lingagwinqanga | |||
Class 6 | āgwinqa | āgwinqa | āgwinqa | awagwinqanga | angagwinqanga | engagwinqanga | |||
Class 7 | sāgwinqa | esāgwinqa | sāgwinqa | asigwinqanga | esingagwinqanga | singagwinqanga | |||
Class 8 | zāgwinqa | ezāgwinqa | zāgwinqa | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga | |||
Class 9 | yāgwinqa | eyāgwinqa | yāgwinqa | ayigwinqanga | engagwinqanga | ingagwinqanga | |||
Class 10 | zāgwinqa | ezāgwinqa | zāgwinqa | azigwinqanga | ezingagwinqanga | zingagwinqanga | |||
Class 11 | lwāgwinqa | olwāgwinqa | lwāgwinqa | alugwinqanga | olungagwinqanga | lungagwinqanga | |||
Class 14 | bāgwinqa | obāgwinqa | bāgwinqa | abugwinqanga | obungagwinqanga | bungagwinqanga | |||
Class 15 | kwāgwinqa | okwāgwinqa | kwāgwinqa | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga | |||
Class 17 | kwāgwinqa | okwāgwinqa | kwāgwinqa | akugwinqanga | okungagwinqanga | kungagwinqanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingagwinqa | — | ngingagwinqa | ngingegwinqe | — | ngingegwinqe | |||
2nd singular | ungagwinqa | — | ungagwinqa | ungegwinqe | — | ungegwinqe | |||
1st plural | singagwinqa | — | singagwinqa | singegwinqe | — | singegwinqe | |||
2nd plural | ningagwinqa | — | ningagwinqa | ningegwinqe | — | ningegwinqe | |||
Class 1 | angagwinqa | — | engagwinqa | angegwinqe | — | engegwinqe | |||
Class 2 | bangagwinqa | — | bengagwinqa | bangegwinqe | — | bengegwinqe | |||
Class 3 | ungagwinqa | — | ungagwinqa | ungegwinqe | — | ungegwinqe | |||
Class 4 | ingagwinqa | — | ingagwinqa | ingegwinqe | — | ingegwinqe | |||
Class 5 | lingagwinqa | — | lingagwinqa | lingegwinqe | — | lingegwinqe | |||
Class 6 | angagwinqa | — | engagwinqa | angegwinqe | — | engegwinqe | |||
Class 7 | singagwinqa | — | singagwinqa | singegwinqe | — | singegwinqe | |||
Class 8 | zingagwinqa | — | zingagwinqa | zingegwinqe | — | zingegwinqe | |||
Class 9 | ingagwinqa | — | ingagwinqa | ingegwinqe | — | ingegwinqe | |||
Class 10 | zingagwinqa | — | zingagwinqa | zingegwinqe | — | zingegwinqe | |||
Class 11 | lungagwinqa | — | lungagwinqa | lungegwinqe | — | lungegwinqe | |||
Class 14 | bungagwinqa | — | bungagwinqa | bungegwinqe | — | bungegwinqe | |||
Class 15 | kungagwinqa | — | kungagwinqa | kungegwinqe | — | kungegwinqe | |||
Class 17 | kungagwinqa | — | kungagwinqa | kungegwinqe | — | kungegwinqe | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizogwinqa | engizogwinqa | ngizogwinqa | angizugwinqa | engingezugwinqa | ngingezugwinqa | |||
2nd singular | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | uzogwinqa | awuzugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | ungezugwinqa | |||
1st plural | sizogwinqa | esizogwinqa | sizogwinqa | asizugwinqa | esingezugwinqa | singezugwinqa | |||
2nd plural | nizogwinqa | enizogwinqa | nizogwinqa | anizugwinqa | eningezugwinqa | ningezugwinqa | |||
Class 1 | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | ezogwinqa | akazugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | engezugwinqa | |||
Class 2 | bazogwinqa | abazogwinqa | bezogwinqa | abazugwinqa | abangezugwinqa | bengezugwinqa | |||
Class 3 | uzogwinqa | ozogwinqa | uzogwinqa | awuzugwinqa | ongezugwinqa | ungezugwinqa | |||
Class 4 | izogwinqa | ezogwinqa | izogwinqa | ayizugwinqa | engezugwinqa | ingezugwinqa | |||
Class 5 | lizogwinqa | elizogwinqa | lizogwinqa | alizugwinqa | elingezugwinqa | lingezugwinqa | |||
Class 6 | azogwinqa | azogwinqa | ezogwinqa | awazugwinqa | angezugwinqa | engezugwinqa | |||
Class 7 | sizogwinqa | esizogwinqa | sizogwinqa | asizugwinqa | esingezugwinqa | singezugwinqa | |||
Class 8 | zizogwinqa | ezizogwinqa | zizogwinqa | azizugwinqa | ezingezugwinqa | zingezugwinqa | |||
Class 9 | izogwinqa | ezogwinqa | izogwinqa | ayizugwinqa | engezugwinqa | ingezugwinqa | |||
Class 10 | zizogwinqa | ezizogwinqa | zizogwinqa | azizugwinqa | ezingezugwinqa | zingezugwinqa | |||
Class 11 | luzogwinqa | oluzogwinqa | luzogwinqa | aluzugwinqa | olungezugwinqa | lungezugwinqa | |||
Class 14 | buzogwinqa | obuzogwinqa | buzogwinqa | abuzugwinqa | obungezugwinqa | bungezugwinqa | |||
Class 15 | kuzogwinqa | okuzogwinqa | kuzogwinqa | akuzugwinqa | okungezugwinqa | kungezugwinqa | |||
Class 17 | kuzogwinqa | okuzogwinqa | kuzogwinqa | akuzugwinqa | okungezugwinqa | kungezugwinqa | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyogwinqa | engiyogwinqa | ngiyogwinqa | angiyugwinqa | engingeyugwinqa | ngingeyugwinqa | |||
2nd singular | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | uyogwinqa | awuyugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | ungeyugwinqa | |||
1st plural | siyogwinqa | esiyogwinqa | siyogwinqa | asiyugwinqa | esingeyugwinqa | singeyugwinqa | |||
2nd plural | niyogwinqa | eniyogwinqa | niyogwinqa | aniyugwinqa | eningeyugwinqa | ningeyugwinqa | |||
Class 1 | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | akayugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | |||
Class 2 | bayogwinqa | abayogwinqa | beyogwinqa | abayugwinqa | abangeyugwinqa | bengeyugwinqa | |||
Class 3 | uyogwinqa | oyogwinqa | uyogwinqa | awuyugwinqa | ongeyugwinqa | ungeyugwinqa | |||
Class 4 | iyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | iyogwinqa | ayiyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | ingeyugwinqa | |||
Class 5 | liyogwinqa | eliyogwinqa | liyogwinqa | aliyugwinqa | elingeyugwinqa | lingeyugwinqa | |||
Class 6 | ayogwinqa | ayogwinqa | eyogwinqa | awayugwinqa | angeyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | |||
Class 7 | siyogwinqa | esiyogwinqa | siyogwinqa | asiyugwinqa | esingeyugwinqa | singeyugwinqa | |||
Class 8 | ziyogwinqa | eziyogwinqa | ziyogwinqa | aziyugwinqa | ezingeyugwinqa | zingeyugwinqa | |||
Class 9 | iyogwinqa | eyogwinqa | iyogwinqa | ayiyugwinqa | engeyugwinqa | ingeyugwinqa | |||
Class 10 | ziyogwinqa | eziyogwinqa | ziyogwinqa | aziyugwinqa | ezingeyugwinqa | zingeyugwinqa | |||
Class 11 | luyogwinqa | oluyogwinqa | luyogwinqa | aluyugwinqa | olungeyugwinqa | lungeyugwinqa | |||
Class 14 | buyogwinqa | obuyogwinqa | buyogwinqa | abuyugwinqa | obungeyugwinqa | bungeyugwinqa | |||
Class 15 | kuyogwinqa | okuyogwinqa | kuyogwinqa | akuyugwinqa | okungeyugwinqa | kungeyugwinqa | |||
Class 17 | kuyogwinqa | okuyogwinqa | kuyogwinqa | akuyugwinqa | okungeyugwinqa | kungeyugwinqa | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngigwinqe | ngingagwinqi | |||||||
2nd singular | ugwinqe | ungagwinqi | |||||||
1st plural | sigwinqe | singagwinqi | |||||||
2nd plural | nigwinqe | ningagwinqi | |||||||
Class 1 | agwinqe | angagwinqi | |||||||
Class 2 | bagwinqe | bangagwinqi | |||||||
Class 3 | ugwinqe | ungagwinqi | |||||||
Class 4 | igwinqe | ingagwinqi | |||||||
Class 5 | ligwinqe | lingagwinqi | |||||||
Class 6 | agwinqe | angagwinqi | |||||||
Class 7 | sigwinqe | singagwinqi | |||||||
Class 8 | zigwinqe | zingagwinqi | |||||||
Class 9 | igwinqe | ingagwinqi | |||||||
Class 10 | zigwinqe | zingagwinqi | |||||||
Class 11 | lugwinqe | lungagwinqi | |||||||
Class 14 | bugwinqe | bungagwinqi | |||||||
Class 15 | kugwinqe | kungagwinqi | |||||||
Class 17 | kugwinqe | kungagwinqi | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngagwinqa | ngangagwinqa, angagwinqa, angangagwinqa | |||||||
2nd singular | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa | |||||||
1st plural | sagwinqa | sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa | |||||||
2nd plural | nagwinqa | nangagwinqa, anagwinqa, anangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 1 | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, akagwinqa, akangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 2 | bagwinqa | bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 3 | wagwinqa | wangagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 4 | yagwinqa | yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 5 | lagwinqa | langagwinqa, alagwinqa, alangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 6 | agwinqa | angagwinqa, awagwinqa, awangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 7 | sagwinqa | sangagwinqa, asagwinqa, asangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 8 | zagwinqa | zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 9 | yagwinqa | yangagwinqa, ayagwinqa, ayangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 10 | zagwinqa | zangagwinqa, azagwinqa, azangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 11 | lwagwinqa | lwangagwinqa, alwagwinqa, alwangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 14 | bagwinqa | bangagwinqa, abagwinqa, abangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 15 | kwagwinqa | kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa | |||||||
Class 17 | kwagwinqa | kwangagwinqa, akwagwinqa, akwangagwinqa |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “gwinqa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gwinqa (6.3)”