gustar
Catalan
Etymology
From Latin gustō, gustāre, possibly a semi-learned term or early borrowing; cf. gust.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ɡusˈta/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ɡusˈtaɾ/
- Rhymes: -a(ɾ)
Verb
gustar (first-person singular present gusto, past participle gustat)
- to taste
- Synonym: tastar
Conjugation
Conjugation of gustar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | gustar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | gustant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | gustat | gustada | |||||
| plural | gustats | gustades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | gusto | gustes | gusta | gustem | gusteu | gusten | |
| imperfect | gustava | gustaves | gustava | gustàvem | gustàveu | gustaven | |
| future | gustaré | gustaràs | gustarà | gustarem | gustareu | gustaran | |
| preterite | gustí | gustares | gustà | gustàrem | gustàreu | gustaren | |
| conditional | gustaria | gustaries | gustaria | gustaríem | gustaríeu | gustarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | gusti | gustis | gusti | gustem | gusteu | gustin | |
| imperfect | gustés | gustessis | gustés | gustéssim | gustéssiu | gustessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | gusta | gusti | gustem | gusteu | gustin | ||
Related terms
- gust
Galician
Alternative forms
- gostar
Etymology
From Old Galician and Old Portuguese gostar (“to taste”) (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Probably borrowed from Latin gustō, gustāre. Compare Portuguese gostar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡusˈtar]
Verb
gustar (first-person singular present gusto, first-person singular preterite gustei, past participle gustado)
- to be pleased, enjoy
- 1791, Anonymous, O faraute mandón:
- Rapeteiro Cumilon
- traja congros é sentolas
- ¿Picadiñas con sebolas,
- moyto lle gosta ó lambon.
- Ravening filcher
- he swallows congers and king crabs
- minced with onions,
- the glutton likes them so much.
- O viño tinto gústame mellor que o branco ― I like red wine more than white
- 1791, Anonymous, O faraute mandón:
- (intransitive) to taste
- (transitive with de) to like, enjoy
- Eu gusto do pan quente ― I enjoy freshly baked bread
Conjugation
Conjugation of gustar
| singular | plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| Infinitive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| impersonal | gustar | |||||
| personal | gustar | gustares | gustar | gustarmos | gustardes | gustaren |
| Gerund | ||||||
| gustando | ||||||
| Past participle | singular | plural | ||||
| masculine | gustado | gustados | ||||
| feminine | gustada | gustadas | ||||
| Indicative | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | gusto | gustas | gusta | gustamos | gustades | gustan |
| imperfect | gustaba | gustabas | gustaba | gustabamos | gustabades | gustaban |
| preterite | gustei | gustaches | gustou | gustamos | gustastes | gustaron |
| pluperfect | gustara | gustaras | gustara | gustaramos | gustarades | gustaran |
| future | gustarei | gustarás | gustará | gustaremos | gustaredes | gustarán |
| conditional | gustaría | gustarías | gustaría | gustariamos | gustariades | gustarían |
| Subjunctive | eu | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| present | guste | gustes | guste | gustemos | gustedes | gusten |
| preterite | gustase | gustases | gustase | gustásemos | gustásedes | gustasen |
| future | gustar | gustares | gustar | gustarmos | gustardes | gustaren |
| Imperative | – | ti | el/ela/Vde. | nós | vós | eles/elas/Vdes. |
| affirmative | – | gusta | guste | gustemos | gustade | gusten |
| negative | – | gustes | guste | gustemos | gustedes | gusten |
Related terms
- gusto
References
- “gostar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
- “gostar” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
- “gostar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “gustar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “gustar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Ido
Verb
gustar (present tense gustas, past tense gustis, future tense gustos, imperative gustez, conditional gustus)
- to taste
Conjugation
Conjugation of gustar
 | present | past | future | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | gustar | gustir | gustor | ||||
| tense | gustas | gustis | gustos | ||||
| conditional | gustus | ||||||
| imperative | gustez | ||||||
| adjective active participle | gustanta | gustinta | gustonta | ||||
| adverbial active participle | gustante | gustinte | gustonte | ||||
| nominal active participle | singular | gustanto | gustinto | gustonto | |||
| plural | gustanti | gustinti | gustonti | ||||
| adjective passive participle | gustata | gustita | gustota | ||||
| adverbial passive participle | gustate | gustite | gustote | ||||
| nominal passive participle | singular | gustato | gustito | gustoto | |||
| plural | gustati | gustiti | gustoti | ||||
Romanian
Alternative forms
- gust
Etymology
Either from gust + -ar or from Latin augustālis, from augustus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuˈstar/
Noun
gustar
- (popular/folk usage) August (eighth month of the Gregorian calendar)
Synonyms
- august (standard/most common)
- agust (popular/folk name, rare)
- măsălar (popular/folk name)
Spanish
Etymology
Borrowed in this form from Latin gustāre, present active infinitive of gustō. Replaced the inherited Old Spanish form gostar.[1] See gusto. The use of this verb to mean "like" is a uniquely Ibero-Romance development. Compare Portuguese gostar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡusˈtaɾ/ [ɡusˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Colombia) (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: gus‧tar
Verb
gustar (first-person singular present gusto, first-person singular preterite gusté, past participle gustado)
- (intransitive) (followed by a or preceded by an indirect object) to be pleasing to (usually translated into English as like with exchange of the subject and object)
- Me gusta esta manzana
- I like this apple.
- (literally, “This apple is pleasing to me.”)
- (intransitive, dated) to taste
- Synonyms: probar, catar, degustar, saborear
Usage notes
Gustar is usually translated to English with the verb to like. This causes confusion for some English speakers studying Spanish, because the subject and object of gustar are seemingly reversed from those of to like. That is, the subject of gustar is the thing that pleases and the (indirect) object is the person who is pleased. A commonly used method is to think of gustar as literally meaning to be pleasing to.
- Me gusta la canción. ― I like the song. (literally, “The song is pleasing to me.”)
- No me gustaron las espinacas. ― I didn't like the spinach. (literally, “The spinach was not pleasing to me.”)
- ¿Te gusto? ― Do you like me? (literally, “Am I pleasing to you?”)
- Le gusto a María ― Maria likes me. (literally, “I am pleasing to Maria.”)
However, compare with the archaic meaning of to like:
- Su semblante no me gusta. ― His countenance likes me not.
Some more examples:
a X le(s) gusta(n) Y
- X like(s) Y.
- : A los pájaros les gusta cantar. ― Birds like to sing.
- : A la chica le gustan las flores. ― The girl likes flowers.
- : A María le gusta el jugo de manzana. ― Mary likes apple juice.
a mí me gustaba(n) Y
- I used to like Y.
a ti te gustaría(n) Y
- You would like Y.
a nosotros nos gusta(n) Y
- We like Y.
- : A nosotros nos gusta divertirnos en el jardín. — We like to have fun in the garden.
a vosotros os gusta(n) Y
- You like Y.
a usted le gusta(n) Y
- You like Y.
X must agree in number (and person) with "le(s)," and Y must agree in number with the verb form of "gustar".
Conjugation
Conjugation of gustar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | gustar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | gustando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | gustado | gustada | |||||
| plural | gustados | gustadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | gusto | gustastú gustásvos | gusta | gustamos | gustáis | gustan | |
| imperfect | gustaba | gustabas | gustaba | gustábamos | gustabais | gustaban | |
| preterite | gusté | gustaste | gustó | gustamos | gustasteis | gustaron | |
| future | gustaré | gustarás | gustará | gustaremos | gustaréis | gustarán | |
| conditional | gustaría | gustarías | gustaría | gustaríamos | gustaríais | gustarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | guste | gustestú gustésvos2 | guste | gustemos | gustéis | gusten | |
| imperfect (ra) | gustara | gustaras | gustara | gustáramos | gustarais | gustaran | |
| imperfect (se) | gustase | gustases | gustase | gustásemos | gustaseis | gustasen | |
| future1 | gustare | gustares | gustare | gustáremos | gustareis | gustaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | gustatú gustávos | guste | gustemos | gustad | gusten | ||
| negative | no gustes | no guste | no gustemos | no gustéis | no gusten | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of gustar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive gustar | |||||||
| dative | gustarme | gustarte | gustarle, gustarse | gustarnos | gustaros | gustarles, gustarse | |
| accusative | gustarme | gustarte | gustarlo, gustarla, gustarse | gustarnos | gustaros | gustarlos, gustarlas, gustarse | |
| with gerund gustando | |||||||
| dative | gustándome | gustándote | gustándole, gustándose | gustándonos | gustándoos | gustándoles, gustándose | |
| accusative | gustándome | gustándote | gustándolo, gustándola, gustándose | gustándonos | gustándoos | gustándolos, gustándolas, gustándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative gusta | |||||||
| dative | gústame | gústate | gústale | gústanos | not used | gústales | |
| accusative | gústame | gústate | gústalo, gústala | gústanos | not used | gústalos, gústalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative gustá | |||||||
| dative | gustame | gustate | gustale | gustanos | not used | gustales | |
| accusative | gustame | gustate | gustalo, gustala | gustanos | not used | gustalos, gustalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative guste | |||||||
| dative | gústeme | not used | gústele, gústese | gústenos | not used | gústeles | |
| accusative | gústeme | not used | gústelo, gústela, gústese | gústenos | not used | gústelos, gústelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative gustemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | gustémoste | gustémosle | gustémonos | gustémoos | gustémosles | |
| accusative | not used | gustémoste | gustémoslo, gustémosla | gustémonos | gustémoos | gustémoslos, gustémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative gustad | |||||||
| dative | gustadme | not used | gustadle | gustadnos | gustaos | gustadles | |
| accusative | gustadme | not used | gustadlo, gustadla | gustadnos | gustaos | gustadlos, gustadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative gusten | |||||||
| dative | gústenme | not used | gústenle | gústennos | not used | gústenles, gústense | |
| accusative | gústenme | not used | gústenlo, gústenla | gústennos | not used | gústenlos, gústenlas, gústense | |
Synonyms
- (to like something): antojar, apetecer, encantar, molar (colloquial, Spain)
- (to like somebody, not romantically): agradar, parecer bien, caer bien (colloquial)
- (to like somebody romantically): estar enamorado de, encularse de (vulgar, El Salvador)
- (to like doing something): adorar, encantar, fascinar
Derived terms
- como guste
- disgustar
- gustosamente
- gustoso
Related terms
- degustar
- gusto
- pregustar
Descendants
- → Mecayapan Nahuatl: quigustarohua
See also
- agradar
- deleitar
- detestar (“to detest”)
- encantar
- odiar (“to hate”)
References
- Joan Coromines; José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
- “gustar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014