guma
See also: guma' and gumă
Afar
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Guma.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuˈmʌ/
- Hyphenation: gu‧ma
Noun
gumá f (singulative gumáytu m)
- (collective) vultures
Declension
| Declension of gumá | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| absolutive | gumá | |||||||||||||||||
| predicative | gumá | |||||||||||||||||
| subjective | gumá | |||||||||||||||||
| genitive | gumá | |||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||
References
- E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “guma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
Czech
Alternative forms
- gumma (obsolete)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡuma]
audio (file) - Rhymes: -uma
- Hyphenation: gu‧ma
Noun
guma f
- rubber (material)
- eraser, rubber
- (informal) condom
Declension
Declension of guma
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | guma | gumy |
| genitive | gumy | gum |
| dative | gumě | gumám |
| accusative | gumu | gumy |
| vocative | gumo | gumy |
| locative | gumě | gumách |
| instrumental | gumou | gumami |
Derived terms
- gumáky
- gumárna
- gumovat
- gumovník
- gumový
Further reading
- guma in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
- guma in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Gothic
Romanization
guma
- Romanization of 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰
Hausa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡú.màː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ́.màː]
Verb
gumā̀ (grade 1)
- to fill one's mouth with a liquid
Icelandic
Etymology
From gum (“exaggeration, boasting”) + -a.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkʏːma/
- Rhymes: -ʏːma
Verb
guma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative gumaði, supine gumað)
- (intransitive, with preposition af) to boast, to exaggerate
- Synonym: stæra sig
Conjugation
guma — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) | að guma | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) | gumað | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) | gumandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) | subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) | ég guma | við gumum | present (nútíð) | ég gumi | við gumum |
| þú gumar | þið gumið | þú gumir | þið gumið | ||
| hann, hún, það gumar | þeir, þær, þau guma | hann, hún, það gumi | þeir, þær, þau gumi | ||
| past (þátíð) | ég gumaði | við gumuðum | past (þátíð) | ég gumaði | við gumuðum |
| þú gumaðir | þið gumuðuð | þú gumaðir | þið gumuðuð | ||
| hann, hún, það gumaði | þeir, þær, þau gumuðu | hann, hún, það gumaði | þeir, þær, þau gumuðu | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) | guma (þú) | gumið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| gumaðu | gumiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
Irish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
guma m (genitive singular guma, nominative plural gumaí)
- (arboriculture) gum
- (chewing-)gum
- Synonym: guma coganta
Declension
Declension of guma
Fourth declension
Bare forms
| Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms
- crann guma (“gum-tree”)
- guma a chur ar rud (“to gum something”)
- guma arabach (“gum arabic”)
- gumach (“gummy”, adjective)
- gumaigh (“gum”, transitive verb)
- guma nicitín (“nicotine gum”)
- guma peirc (“gutta-percha”)
- gumleaistic (“gum elastic”)
- gumroisín (“gum resin”)
- póirín guma (“sweetmeat”)
Mutation
| Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
| guma | ghuma | nguma |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “guma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “guma” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “guma” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Maguindanao
Noun
guma
- rubber
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gumô.
Cognates
Germanic cognates include Old Saxon gumo, Old High German gumo, gomo, Old Norse gumi (Icelandic gumi and Norwegian gume), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin homō, Proto-Balto-Slavic *źmṓ (Lithuanian žmogùs).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡu.mɑ/, [ˈɣu.mɑ]
Noun
guma m (nominative plural guman)
- (poetic) man, hero
- Beowulf, ll. 20–21:
- Swā sceal geong guma gōde gewyrcean,
fromum feoh-giftum on fæder bearme- So should a young man do good deeds
by fine treasure-gifts while in his father's keeping
- So should a young man do good deeds
- Beowulf, ll. 20–21:
Declension
Declension of guma (weak)
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | guma | guman |
| accusative | guman | guman |
| genitive | guman | gumena |
| dative | guman | gumum |
Synonyms
- beorn
- hæleþ
- mæċġ
- mann
- rinc
- secg
- wer
Derived terms
- brȳdguma
- gumcynn
Descendants
- Middle English: gome, gom, gomme, gone, goom, goome, gume
- English: gome
- Scots: gome
Old Norse
Noun
guma
- inflection of gumi:
- indefinite accusative singular/plural
- indefinite dative/genitive singular
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from German Gumma, from New Latin gumma, from Latin gummi.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡu.ma/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uma
- Syllabification: gu‧ma
Noun
guma f (diminutive gumka)
- rubber (substance)
- chewing gum
- (colloquial) flat tire
- (colloquial) rubber, condom
Declension
Declension of guma
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | guma | gumy |
| genitive | gumy | gum |
| dative | gumie | gumom |
| accusative | gumę | gumy |
| instrumental | gumą | gumami |
| locative | gumie | gumach |
| vocative | gumo | gumy |
Derived terms
adjective
- gumowy
nouns
- asfaltoguma
- guma balonowa
- gumka
See also
- złapać gumę
Further reading
- guma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- guma in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology 1
From gumă + -a.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡuˈma]
Verb
a guma (third-person singular present gumează, past participle gumat) 1st conj.
- to gum
Conjugation
conjugation of guma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)
| infinitive | a guma | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | gumând | ||||||
| past participle | gumat | ||||||
| number | singular | plural | |||||
| person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |
| indicative | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
| present | gumez | gumezi | gumează | gumăm | gumați | gumează | |
| imperfect | gumam | gumai | guma | gumam | gumați | gumau | |
| simple perfect | gumai | gumași | gumă | gumarăm | gumarăți | gumară | |
| pluperfect | gumasem | gumaseși | gumase | gumaserăm | gumaserăți | gumaseră | |
| subjunctive | eu | tu | el/ea | noi | voi | ei/ele | |
| present | să gumez | să gumezi | să gumeze | să gumăm | să gumați | să gumeze | |
| imperative | — | tu | — | — | voi | — | |
| affirmative | gumează | gumați | |||||
| negative | nu guma | nu gumați | |||||
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈɡuma]
Noun
guma f
- definite nominative/accusative singular of gumă
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Latin gummi/cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡûma/
- Hyphenation: gu‧ma
Noun
gȕma f (Cyrillic spelling гу̏ма)
- rubber
- tyre / tire
- chewing gum
Declension
Declension of guma
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | gȕma | gume |
| genitive | gume | gȗmā |
| dative | gumi | gumama |
| accusative | gumu | gume |
| vocative | gumo | gume |
| locative | gumi | gumama |
| instrumental | gumom | gumama |
Synonyms
- žvaka (chewing gum)
Sidamo
Guma.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡuma/
- Hyphenation: gu‧ma
Noun
guma m (plural gumma f)
- fruit, berry
References
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 81
- Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “guma”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department
West Makian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɡu.ma/
Verb
guma
- (stative) to be full
Conjugation
| Conjugation of guma (stative verb) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||
| inclusive | exclusive | |||
| 1st person | tiguma | miguma | aguma | |
| 2nd person | niguma | figuma | ||
| 3rd person | inanimate | iguma | diguma | |
| animate | maguma | |||
| imperative | —, guma | —, guma | ||
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours, Pacific linguistics