gum
See also: Gum and GUM
English
Pronunciation
- enPR: gŭm, IPA(key): /ɡʌm/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: -ʌm
Etymology 1
From Middle English gome, from Old English gōma (“palate”), from Proto-Germanic *gōmô, *gaumô (“palate”) (compare German Gaumen, Old Norse gómr (whence Icelandic gómur)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₂u-mo- (compare Tocharian A ko, Tocharian B koyṃ (“mouth”), Lithuanian gomurỹs (“palate”)), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂w- (“to gape, yawn”). More at yawn.
Noun
gum (plural gums)
- (often in the plural) The flesh around the teeth.
Synonyms
- gingiva (medical)
Derived terms
Terms derived from gum (noun, etymology 1)
- gumboil
- gum-didder
- gum-digger
- gum-digging
- gum disease
- gumless
- gummed
- gummy
- gum ridge
- gum-ring
- gum-rubber
- gum shield
- gum-stake
- gum-tickler
- gum-tooth
- gumwork
Translations
flesh around teeth
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Verb
gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)
- To chew, especially of a toothless person or animal.
- (transitive) To deepen and enlarge the spaces between the teeth of (a worn saw), as with a gummer.
Etymology 2
From Middle English gomme, gumme, borrowed from Anglo-Norman gome, from Late Latin gumma, from Latin cummi, gummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”). Cognate with Spanish goma (“rubber”).
Noun
gum (countable and uncountable, plural gums)
- (chiefly uncountable) Any of various viscous or sticky substances that are exuded by certain plants.
- (chiefly uncountable) Any viscous or sticky substance resembling those that are exuded by certain plants.
- (chiefly uncountable) Chewing gum.
- (countable) A single piece of chewing gum.
- 2005, Zadie Smith, On Beauty, Penguin Books (2006), page 388:
- Levi unwrapped a gum and put it in his mouth.
- Do you have a gum to spare?
-
- (South Africa, often in the plural) A gummi candy.
- (US, dialect, Southern US) A hive made of a section of a hollow gum tree; hence, any roughly made hive.
- (US, dialect, Southern US) A vessel or bin made from a hollow log.
- (US, dialect) A rubber overshoe.
- A gum tree.
Derived terms
Terms derived from gum (etymology 2)
- acacia gum
- accaroid gum, accroides gum
- apple-gum
- bee gum
- begum
- black gum
- blue gum
- box-gum
- British gum
- bubble gum, bubble-gum, bubblegum
- carob gum
- chagual gum
- chewing gum
- chicle gum
- dammar gum
- degum
- doctor-gum
- doctor's gum
- elastic gum
- free gum
- gellan gum
- ghatti gum
- grilled gum
- guar gum
- gum acacia
- gum acaroidea, gum accroides
- gum albanum
- gum ammoniac
- gum anima, gum animé, gum animi
- gum animal
- gum arabic
- gumball
- gum band
- gum benjamin
- gum benzoin
- gum bichromate
- gum-boiler
- gum boot, gumboot
- gum-bucket
- gum butea
- gum camphor
- gum-chewer
- gum-chewing
- gum cistus
- gum dammar
- gum-digger
- gum-digging
- gum dragon
- gum-drop, gumdrop
- gum elastic
- gum elemi
- gum eraser
- gum eurphorbium
- gum-field
- gum-flowers
- gum-game
- gum guaiac
- gum-hole
- gum ivy
- gum juniper
- gum karaya
- gum kino
- gum labdanum
- gum lac
- gum-land
- gumlands
- gum-line, gumline
- gummage
- gummy
- gum myrrh
- gum myrtle
- gum nut
- gum of ivy
- gum olibanum
- gum over platinum
- gum-paper
- gum passage
- gum plant
- gum-platinum
- gum pot
- gum print
- gum printing
- gum-rash
- gum resin
- gum rockrose
- gum sandarac
- gum sangapenum
- gum-seal
- gum-senegal
- gumshoe
- gum silk
- gum stick
- gum-succory
- gum-sucker
- gum-taffeta
- gum-thistle
- gum thus
- gum tragacanth
- gum tree
- gum turpentine
- gum water
- gum wood, gumwood
- gum-worker
- hog gum
- karaya gum
- Kordofan gum
- locust bean gum
- log gum
- manna gum
- mastic gum
- mountain gum
- natural gum
- red gum
- ribbon gum
- slum gum, slumgum
- snow gum
- sonora gum
- sour gum
- spotted gum
- spruce gum
- sterculia gum
- sugar gum, sugar-gum
- sweet gum, sweet gum-tree
- tara gum
- ungum
- white gum
- xanthan gum
- York gum
Related terms
- gumma
- gummatous
- gummic acid
- gummiferous
- gummite
- gummose
- gummosis
- gummosity
- gummous
Translations
sticky substance exuded by certain plants
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sticky substance resembling that exuded by certain plants
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chewing gum — see chewing gum
single piece of chewing gum
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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Verb
gum (third-person singular simple present gums, present participle gumming, simple past and past participle gummed)
- (sometimes with up) To apply an adhesive or gum to; to make sticky by applying a sticky substance to.
- 2012, Julie Hedgepeth Williams, A Rare Titanic Family: The Caldwells' Story of Survival, →ISBN, page 184:
- However, Albert said in his audiotape and in his speech that a lever designed to release the lifeboat's block and tackle was gummed up with red paint.
-
- To stiffen with glue or gum.
- c. 1597 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Fourth, […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act I, scene ii]:
- He frets like a gummed velvet.
-
- (sometimes with together) To inelegantly attach into a sequence.
- 1946, George Orwell, Politics and the English Language:
- It consists in gumming together long strips of words [that] have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug.
-
- (colloquial, with up) To impair the functioning of a thing or process.
- That cheap oil will gum up the engine valves.
- The new editor can gum up your article with too many commas.
Derived terms
- gum up
- by gum
Anagrams
- MGU, mug
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡum/
- Rhymes: -um
Noun
gum
- genitive plural of guma
Dutch
Alternative forms
- gom (now restricted to Belgium in the meaning “eraser”).
Etymology
A relatively recent variant of gom.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɣʏm/
- Hyphenation: gum
Noun
gum m (plural gummen, diminutive gummetje n)
- An eraser.
Derived terms
- gummen
- kneedgum
Hausa
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡùm/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [ɡʷʊ̀m]
Ideophone
gùm
- smelling bad
Alternative forms
- sùm
Icelandic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *gaumō (“attention, heed”)[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kʏːm/
- Rhymes: -ʏːm
Noun
gum n (genitive singular gums, no plural)
- boasting, exaggeration
- Synonyms: gort, raup
Declension
declension of gum
| n-s | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | gum | gumið | gum | gumin |
| accusative | gum | gumið | gum | gumin |
| dative | gumi | guminu | gumum | gumunum |
| genitive | gums | gumsins | guma | gumanna |
Derived terms
- guma (“to boast, to exaggerate”)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “gumen”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 195
Middle English
Noun
gum
- Alternative form of gumme
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡum/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -um
- Syllabification: gum
Noun
gum f pl
- genitive plural of guma
Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *kum. Compare to Turkish kum, etc.
Pronunciation
- (Ejia, Daowei, Xunhua, Qinghai, Ili, Yining, Xinjiang) IPA(key): [kum]
Noun
gum (3rd person possessive gumı, plural gumlar)
- sand
References
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “kum”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, page 395
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “gum”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon, Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 109
Scots
Etymology 1
From English gum.
Noun
gum (plural gums)
- gum
Etymology 2
Uncertain; perhaps a specialised use of Etymology 1, above.
Alternative forms
- gumm
Noun
gum (plural gums)
- mist, vapour, haze
Scottish Gaelic
Alternative forms
- gu
- gun
Conjunction
gum
- that
- Tha mi cinnteach gum biodh e toilichte. - I'm certain that he would be happy.
Usage notes
- Used before b, f, m and p.
Sumerian
Romanization
gum
- Romanization of 𒄣 (gum)
Turkmen
Noun
gum (definite accusative [[{{{1}}}#Turkmen|?]], plural [[{{{2}}}#Turkmen|?]])
- sand
Zazaki
Noun
gum ?
- (anatomy) cheek