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单词 gull
释义

gull

See also: Gull

English

A gull

Pronunciation

  • enPR: gŭl, IPA(key): /ˈɡʌl/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌl

Etymology 1

From Middle English gulle, from a Brythonic language, from Proto-Brythonic *gwuɨlann, from Proto-Celtic *wēlannā (“seagull”). Cognate with Welsh gwylan, Cornish goolan, Breton gouelan, Old Irish faílenn, Scottish Gaelic faoileag. Compare French goéland, a borrowing from Breton.

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

  1. A seabird of the genus Larus or of the family Laridae.
  2. Any of various pierid butterflies of the genus Cepora.
Synonyms
  • (seabird): mew, seamew, seagull
Derived terms
  • Audouin's gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)
  • black-headed gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus)
  • Bonaparte's gull (Chroicocephalus philadelphia)
  • Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans)
  • common gull (Larus canus)
  • Dominican gull (Larus dominicanus)
  • flood gull (Rynchops nigra)
  • Franklin's gull (Leucophaeus pipixcan)
  • glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus)
  • great black-backed gull (Larus marinus)
  • gull-billed tern (Gelochelidon nilotica)
  • gull chaser (Stercorarius pomarius)
  • gullfeed (Scaevola plumieri)
  • herring gull (Larus spp.)
  • Iceland gull (Larus glaucoides)
  • ivory gull (Pagophila eburnea)
  • kelp gull (Larus dominicanus)
  • land gull (Larus marinus)
  • laughing gull (Xema ridibundus, Leucophaeus atricilla)
  • lesser black-backed gull (Larus fuscus)
  • little gull (Larus minutus)
  • Mediterranean gull (Ichthyaetus melanocephalus)
  • mew gull (Larus canus)
  • Pacific gull (Larus pacificus)
  • Pallas's gull (Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus)
  • red-billed gull (Chroicocephalus scopulinus)
  • ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis)
  • robber gull (skua)
  • Ross's gull (Rhodostethia rosea)
  • Sabine's gull (Xema sabini)
  • seagull (Laridae spp.)
  • silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae)
  • slaty-backed gull (Larus schistisagus)
  • slender-billed gull (Chroicocephalus genei)
  • white-eyed gull (Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus)
  • yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis)
Translations

Etymology 2

Perhaps from an obsolete term gull (“swallow”).[1]

Noun

gull (plural gulls)

  1. (slang) A cheating trick; a fraud.
    • 1598–1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “Much Adoe about Nothing”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene iii]:
      BENEDICK. [Aside] I should think this a gull, but that the white-bearded fellow speaks it: knavery cannot, sure, hide itself in such reverence.
  2. One easily cheated; a dupe.
  3. (obsolete, Oxford University slang) A swindler or trickster.
    • 1825, Blackmantle, Bernard, The English Spy:
      You'll excuse me, sir, but as you are fresh, take care to avoid the gulls; they fly about here in large flocks, I assure you, and do no little mischief at times." "I never understood that gulls were birds of prey," said I.—"Only in Oxford, sir; and here, I assure you, they bite like hawks, and pick many a poor young gentleman as bare before his three years are expired, as the crows would a dead sheep upon a common. […] "
Synonyms
  • (dupe): See also Thesaurus:dupe
  • (swindler): See also Thesaurus:fraudster

Verb

gull (third-person singular simple present gulls, present participle gulling, simple past and past participle gulled)

  1. To deceive or cheat.
    • 1610 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Alchemist, London: […] Thomas Snodham, for Walter Burre, and are to be sold by Iohn Stepneth, […], published 1612, OCLC 1008120557; reprinted Menston, Yorkshire: The Scolar Press, 1970, OCLC 52009618, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):
      O, but to ha' gulled him / Had been a mastery.
    • 1660, John Dryden, Astraea Redux
      The vulgar, gulled into rebellion, armed.
    • c. 1798, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Wallenstein
      I'm not gulling him for the emperor's service.
    • 1819, John Keats, Otho the Great, Act IV, Scene I, verse 162-165
      […] speak your curses out
      Against me, who would sooner crush and grind
      A brace of toads, than league with them to oppress
      An innocent lady, gull an Emperor […]
    • 1986, John le Carré, A Perfect Spy:
      She has done these things before and remembers now that she is good at them, often steadier than the men. In Berlin when Jack needed a spare girl Mary had kept watch, gulled room keys out of concierges, replaced stolen documents in dangerous desks, driven scared Joes to safe flats.
  2. (US, slang) To mislead.
  3. (US, slang) To trick and defraud.
Synonyms
  • (to deceive): See also Thesaurus:deceive
Derived terms
  • gullcatcher
  • gullible → gullibility, gullibly
Translations
to deceive or cheat — See also translations at deceive,‎ cheat#Verb

References

  1. “gull”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

Further reading

  • gull on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
  • Larus on Wikispecies.Wikispecies

Faroese

Chemical element
Au
Previous: hvítagull, platin (Pt)
Next: kyksilvur, kviksilvur (Hg)

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʊtl/

Noun

gull n (genitive singular guls, uncountable)

  1. gold
  2. (in proverbs) richness, money, livestock
  3. gold medal, first place (sports, etc.)

Declension

n9sSingular
IndefiniteDefinite
Nominativegullgullið
Accusativegullgullið
Dativegulligullinum
Genitivegulsgulsins

Icelandic

Chemical element
Au
Previous: platína (Pt)
Next: kvikasilfur (Hg)

Etymology

From Old Norse gull (“gold”), from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /kʏtl/
  • Rhymes: -ʏtl

Noun

gull n (genitive singular gulls, nominative plural gull)

  1. (uncountable) gold (chemical element)
  2. (countable) a cherished thing
  3. (countable) a gold medal or prize

Declension

declension of gull
n-ssingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegullgulliðgullgullin
accusativegullgulliðgullgullin
dativegulligullinugullumgullunum
genitivegullsgullsinsgullagullanna

Derived terms

  • ekki er allt gull sem glóir
  • glópagull
  • gull af manni
  • morgunstund gefur gull í mund

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉlː/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

  1. gold

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull
  • forgylle, forgylt

References

  • “gull” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

  • goillj (eye dialect, Trøndelag)
  • goill (eye dialect, Trøndelag)

Etymology

From Old Norse gull and goll, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą. Akin to English gold.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɡʉlː/

Noun

gull n (definite singular gullet, uncountable)

  1. gold

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull

References

  • “gull” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old Norse

FWOTD – 11 February 2014

Alternative forms

  • goll

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *gulþą (“gold”). Cognate with Old English gold, Old Frisian gold, Old Saxon gold, Old Dutch golt, Old High German gold, Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌻𐌸 (gulþ). See also Finnish kulta. Ultimately from Pre-Germanic *ǵʰl̥tóm (“gold”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰelh₃- (“yellow; gleam; to shine”).

Pronunciation

  • (12th century Icelandic) IPA(key): /ˈɡulː/

Noun

gull n (genitive gulls, plural gull)

  1. (uncountable, singular only) gold
    • Laurentius saga 65, in 1858, Jón_Sigurðsson, Guðbrandur_Vigfússon, Biskupa sögur, Volume I. Copenhagen, page 877:
      Vér viljum ok gefa þér gull vort, […]
      We also want to give you our gold, […]
  2. (countable) a jewel, thing of value, especially a finger-ring
    • Stjórn 78, in 1862, C. R. Unger, Stjórn: gammelnorsk Bibelhistorie: fra Verdens Skabelse til det babyloniske Fangenskab. Christiania, page 254:
      Enn þegar sem hon bar þetta gull, […]
      But when she wore that ring, […]

Declension

  Declension of gull (strong a-stem)
neutersingularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativegullgullitgullgullin
accusativegullgullitgullgullin
dativegulligullinugullumgullunum
genitivegullsgullsinsgullagullanna

Derived terms

Terms derived from gull
  • fingrgull (“finger-ring”)
  • gullaldr (“golden age”)
  • gullari (“banner of Charlemagne”)
  • gullauðigr (“rich in gold”)
  • gullauðr (“wealth in gold”)
  • gullband (“golden headband”)
  • gullbaugr (“gold ring”)
  • gullberg (“goldmine”)
  • gullbitlaðr (“gold-bitted”)
  • gullbitull (“a bit of gold”)
  • gullbjartr (“bright as gold”)
  • gullborði (“gold lace”)
  • gullbóka (“to embroider with gold”)
  • gullbóla (“gold bull”)
  • gullbrynja (“gold coat of mail”)
  • gullbúinn (“ornamented with gold”)
  • gullbǫllr (“golden ball”)
  • gulldálkr (“golden pin”)
  • gulldropi (“drops of gold”)
  • gullepli (“golden apple”)
  • gullfalligr (“charming”)
  • gullfágaðr (“stained with gold”)
  • gullfestr (“gold chain”)
  • gullfjallaðr (“embroidered with gold”)
  • gullgóðr (“of pure gold”)
  • gullgǫrð (“golden girth”)
  • gullgǫrr (“made of gold”)
  • gullhagr (“skilled in making gold”)
  • gullhálsar (“gold-necks”)
  • gullhárr (“golden-haired”)
  • gullheimr (“golden age”)
  • gullhella (“bar of gold”)
  • gullhirzla (“gold treasury”)
  • gullhjalt (“golden hilt”)
  • gullhjálmr (“golden helmet”)
  • gullhlað (“golden lace”)
  • gullhlaðinn (“laced with gold”)
  • gullhringr (“gold ring”)
  • gullhús (“treasure house”)
  • gullhyrndr (“golden-horned”)
  • gullinhjalti (“golden hilt”)
  • gullinkambi (“gold comb”)
  • gullinn (“golden”)
  • gullinstóla (“with throne of gold”)
  • Gullintanni (“Heimdall”)
  • gullintoppa (“gold-tuft”)
  • gullkalekr, gullkalikr (“golden chalice”)
  • gullkambr (“golden comb”)
  • gullkálfr (“golden calf”)
  • gullker (“golden vessel”)
  • gullkista (“golden chest”)
  • gullknappr (“gold button”)
  • gullknappaðr (“gold-buttoned”)
  • gullknútr (“gold knot”)
  • gullknǫttr (“gold ball”)
  • gullkóróna (“gold crown”)
  • gullkranz (“golden garland”)
  • gullkross (“golden cross”)
  • gulllað (“golden lace”)
  • gullleggja (“to lace with gold”)
  • gullligr (“golden”)
  • gullmál (“ornaments of gold”)
  • gullmálmr (“gold ore”)
  • gullmen (“golden necklace”)
  • gullmerktr, gullmerkaðr (“marked with gold”)
  • gullmunnr, gullmuðr (“Chrysostom”)
  • gullnagli (“gold nail”)
  • gullnisti (“locket of gold”)
  • gullofinn (“gold-woven”)
  • gullormr (“golden serpent”)
  • gullpenningr (“gold penny”)
  • gullrekendi (“gold chain”)
  • gullrekinn (“inlaid with gold”)
  • gullritinn (“written with gold”)
  • gullroðinn (“gilt”)
  • gullsandr (“golden sand”)
  • gullsaumaðr (“embroidered with gold”)
  • gullsettr (“laid with gold”)
  • gullskál (“gold basin”)
  • gullskillingr (“gold shilling”)
  • gullskotinn (“woven with gold”)
  • gullskrift (“golden tablet”)
  • gullskrín (“gold shrine”)
  • gullslitr (“gold colour”)
  • gullsmeittr, gullsmeltr (“gold-enamelled”)
  • gullsmiðr (“goldsmith”)
  • gullsmíð (“goldsmithery”)
  • gullsmíðligr (“of goldsmithery”)
  • gullspánn (“gold ornament of ships”)
  • gullspori (“gold spur”)
  • gullsproti (“golden scepter”)
  • gullspuni (“gold spinning”)
  • gullspǫng (“gold sprangle”)
  • gullstafaðr (“gold-striped”)
  • gullstafr (“gold letter”)
  • gullstaup (“gold stoup”)
  • gullsteindr (“gold-stained”)
  • gullstóll (“gold chain”)
  • gullstúka (“gold sleeve”)
  • gullstǫng (“bar of gold”)
  • gullsylgja (“golden brooch”)
  • gulltafla (“gold piece used in playing”)
  • gullteinn (“gold pole”)
  • gulltoppr (“name of a horse”)
  • gullvafiðr (“wounded with gold”)
  • Gullvarta (“Golden Gate in Constantinople”)
  • gullveggr (“golden wall”)
  • gullviðjur (“gold withies”)
  • gullvippaðr (“wrapped in gold”)
  • gullvægr (“precious”)
  • gullvǫndr (“gold thread”)
  • gullþráðr (“gold wand”)

Descendants

  • Icelandic: gull n
  • Faroese: gull n
  • Norwegian Bokmål: gull n
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: gull n
  • Westrobothnian: gull n
  • Old Swedish: gull n
    • Swedish: gull, guld n
  • Old Danish:
    • Danish: guld n
      • → Greenlandic: kuulti
  • Gutnish: gull n

References

  • “gull”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • gull in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, R. Cleasby and G. Vigfússon, Clarendon Press, 1874, at Internet Archive.
  • gull in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, G. T. Zoëga, Clarendon Press, 1910, at Internet Archive.

Swedish

Alternative forms

  • guld (modern form)

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Noun

gull n

  1. (poetic, archaic) gold
    Har du silver har du gull, / har du kistorna full?
    Do you have silver and gold, / are your treasure chests full? (song lyrics)
    Wilt thw wara tik sielffuir hull, / tw älska friiheet meer än gull (Old Swedish, poem by bishop Tomas, 1439)
    Vill du vara dig själver huld, / du älska frihet mer än guld (translated to standard Swedish)
    If you want to help yourself, you should love freedom more than gold
  2. (colloquial) baby, darling, someone dear and cute (gullig), someone to cuddle (gulla med)
    mina små gull
    my little darlings
    Kom nu gullet, det är finfint väder ute
    Come on baby, it's a perfect sunny day

Usage notes

  • The form gull is archaic or poetic outside compound words and fixed expressions, where it has taken the sense of beloved or favorable as in gullgosse (“golden boy”), gullegris (“darling, pet”), gullunge (“beloved child”), etc.

Declension

Declension of gull 
SingularPlural
IndefiniteDefiniteIndefiniteDefinite
Nominativegullgulletgullgullen
Genitivegullsgulletsgullsgullens

Westrobothnian

Etymology

From Old Norse gull, goll, from Proto-Germanic *gulþą.

Noun

gull n (definite gullä)

  1. (uncountable) gold
    hä glema som hä wor gullä
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Derived terms

  • gullfinger
  • gullskre
  • gulltypp
  • gyllerfeinger
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