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单词 guerra
释义

guerra

See also: Guerra and guèrra

Asturian

Etymology

From Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡera/, [ˈɡe.ra]
  • Hyphenation: gue‧rra

Noun

guerra f (plural guerres)

  1. war

Derived terms

  • guerra civil
  • guerreru
  • guerriar

Catalan

Etymology

From Old Catalan guerra~gerra, from Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.rə/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ra/
  • Audio(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛra

Noun

guerra f (plural guerres)

  1. war

Antonyms

  • (war): pau

Derived terms

  • guerra civil
  • guerra fred
  • guerrejar
  • guerrer
  • guerrera
  • guerrilla

Descendants

  • → Sardinian: gherra

References

  • “guerra” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “guerra”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
  • “guerra” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “guerra” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Galician

Etymology

Locally attested since 1019, in Latin charters. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese guerra, from Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ˈɡɛrɐ]

Noun

guerra f (plural guerras)

  1. war
    Antonym: paz
  2. noisy confusion

Derived terms

  • guerrear
  • Guerreiro
  • guerreiro

References

  • “guerra” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “guerra” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “guerra” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “guerra” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “guerra” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Interlingua

Noun

guerra

  1. war

See also

  • bello

Italian

Etymology

From Old Italian guerra, from Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡwɛr.ra/
  • Audio (la guerra)(file)
  • Audio (guerra)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛrra
  • Hyphenation: guèr‧ra

Noun

guerra f (plural guerre, diminutive guerricciòla or (literary) guerricciuòla)

  1. (also figurative) war, warfare
    Synonyms: conflitto, lotta, ostilità, scontro
    Antonym: pace
    • 13th century, Bono Giamboni, “Capitolo 28. Del confortamento dell'arte della cavalleria, e della virtude de' Romani”, in Dell'arte della guerra [On the Art of War]‎, translation of Epitoma Rei Militaris by Publius Flavius Vegetius Renatus, published 1815, page 37:
      E neuno si maravigli, nell'etade di sopra, le dette cose essere avvenute. Conciossiacosachè di po' la primaia guerra di Cartagine, perchè istettero i Romani venticinque anni che le battaglie per la lunga pace non usaro, in tal modo per quello riposo i Romani, che in ogni parte erano stati vincitori, indeboliro
      And no one should be surprised that the aforementioned things happened back then, since after the first Carthaginian war the Romans, having spent twenty-five years without fighting due to the long peace, happened to become weaker because of that resting, even though they had been winning everywhere
    • early 14th century, Dante, “Canto II”, in Inferno, lines 3–6:
      […] io sol uno
      m'apparecchiava a sostener la guerra
      sì del cammino e sì della pietate,
      che ritrarrà la mente che non erra.
      I, alone, was getting ready to endure the suffering of both the path and the spirit, which the unerring memory will recount
    • c. 1477, Lorenzo de' Medici, Rime, collected in Opere, published 1913:
      Ogni alma, che lei vede, si asserena;
      ed io per certo infelice pur sono,
      che agli altri pace dá, a me sol guerra.
      Every soul that gazes upon her becomes serene, and yet I am certainly unhappy, for she gives peace to others, and conflict to me only.
    • 1581, Torquato Tasso, Gerusalemme liberata [Jerusalem Delivered]‎, Erasmo Viotti, Canto primo, page 4:
      Disse al suo Nuntio Dio: Goffredo trova:
      E'n mio nome dì lui: perche si cessa?
      Perche la guerra homai non si rinova
      A liberar Gerusalemme oppressa?
      God said to His messenger: "Find Goffredo, and, in my name, ask him: 'Why do you stop? Why does the war to free the oppressed Jerusalem not continue?'"
    • 1723, Anton Maria Salvini, transl., Iliade [Iliad]‎, Milan: Giovanni Gaetano Tartini, Santi Franchi, translation of Ἰλιάς (Iliás) by Homer, Book 1, page 8:
      Il più dell'aspra impetuosa guerra
      Le mani mie governan […]
      My hands command most of the harsh, impetuous war
    • 1825, Vincenzo Monti, transl., Iliade [Iliad], Milan: Giovanni Resnati e Gius. Bernardoni di Gio, translation of Ἰλιάς (Iliás) by Homer, published 1840, Book 1, lines 77–81, page 13:
      Atride, or sì, cred' io, volta daremo
      Nuovamente errabondi al patrio lido,
      Se pur morte fuggir ne fia concesso;
      Chè guerra e peste ad un medesmo tempo
      Ne struggono. […]
      Now, Atreid, I do believe we will head back, once again wanderers, to the native shores. That is, if we will be allowed to escape death, since war and pestilence torment us at the same time.
    • 1904, Luigi Pirandello, “5. Maturazione”, in Il fu Mattia Pascal [The Late Mattia Pascal]‎, published 1919, page 42:
      Romilda, gelosa di quel figlio che sarebbe nato a Oliva, tra gli agi e in letizia; mentre il suo, nell’angustia, nell’incertezza del domani, e fra tutta quella guerra.
      Romilda, jealous of the son Oliva was going to birth in comforts and happiness, while hers in poverty, uncertainty for tomorrow, and all that war.

Derived terms

  • dichiarazione di guerra
  • guerra civile
  • guerra fredda
  • guerraiolo
  • guerra mondiale
  • guerreggiare
  • guerresco
  • tempo di guerra
  • guerrafondaio
  • guerreggiante
  • guerreggiatore
  • guerrescamente
  • guerriero
  • guerriglia
  • guerrigliero

Descendants

  • → Slavomolisano: gvera

Further reading

  • guerra on the Italian Wikipedia.Wikipedia it
  • guerra in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Anagrams

  • rugare, urgerà

Latin

Alternative forms

  • werra, wera

Etymology

Borrowed from Frankish *werru (“riot, quarrel”). First attested in 858 CE in the form ⟨werra⟩.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈɡwer.ra/, [ˈɡwɛrːä]

Noun

guerra f (genitive guerrae); first declension (Medieval Latin)

  1. war
    • 13th century, Roger of Wendover, Flores Historiarum, a. 1216:
      Ad hoc nuntii responderunt, quod rex Angliae ante crucem sumptam werram moverat domino Lodowico et damna multa fecerat, castra sua ceperat et adhuc milites suos et servientes incarceratos retinet, et hucusque in werra est contra dominum Lodowicum, nec pacem vel treugam cum eo habere voluit, super hoc etiam saepe requisitus.
      To this the nuncios replied that the king of England had made war on lord Louis before taking the cross, and had done much harm, had seized his castles and still retained his subject prisoners and soldiers, and was yet at war against lord Louis, and did not desire to make either peace or truce with him, even as he was frequently requested to do so.
    • 1294, “Convenzione tra il Comune di Sassari, e il Comune di Genova”, in Codex diplomaticus Sardiniae, volume 1, page 519:
      […] comune et homines de Sassari et districtu, quem nunc habet et in posterum acquisiverit, faciet et facient pacem, guerram et treugam cum omnibus personis, universitatibus, locis, regibus, principibus, atque dominis, ubicumque sint et quocumque nomine censeantur, cum quibus comune Ianue pacem, guerram vel treugam habet […]
      […] the commune and people of Sassari and of the territory that it has now and will have acquired in future, make peace, war and truce with all persons, corporations, places, kings, princes, and lords, wherever they may be and by whatever name they are called, with which the commune of Genoa has made peace, war or truce […]
    Synonym: bellum (Classical, traditional)
  2. strife, insurrection

Declension

First-declension noun.

CaseSingularPlural
Nominativeguerraguerrae
Genitiveguerraeguerrārum
Dativeguerraeguerrīs
Accusativeguerramguerrās
Ablativeguerrāguerrīs
Vocativeguerraguerrae

Derived terms

  • *werridiō
  • guerrīnus
  • guerra recrēdūta

Descendants

  • Italo-Romance:
    • Corsican: guèrra
    • Italian: guerra
    • Neapolitan: uerra
    • Sicilian: guerra, verra, uerra
      • → Maltese: gwerra
  • North Italian:
    • Friulian: vuere
    • Istriot: guiera
    • Ladin: viera
    • Piedmontese: guèra
    • Romansch: uiara, veara
    • Venetian: guera
  • Gallo-Romance:
    • Old French: guerre, guere, gere, gerre, were, wiere, werre
      • Bourguignon: guârre, gârre, gârre
      • Middle French: guerre
        • French: guerre
          • → Wolof: xare, geer
      • Norman: dgèrre, gùerre, dgèrre; djère, guère; gyer, gyer
      • Picard: dgère, djérre; guère, guère, dgère
      • Walloon: guere, guêre, guére, guère
      • → Middle English: werre, ware, wær, weer, weorre, wer, were, werr, weyr, worre
        • English: war
        • Scots: war, wer, weir
  • Occitano-Romance:
    • Occitan: guèrra
    • Old Catalan: guerra, gerra
      • Catalan: guerra
        • → Sardinian: gherra
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Old Leonese:
      • Asturian: guerra
      • Leonese: gerra
    • Old Portuguese: guerra, gerra
      • Galician: guerra
      • Portuguese: guerra
    • Old Spanish: guerra
      • Ladino: gerra
      • Spanish: guerra
      • → Basque: gerra
      • → Moroccan Arabic: قِرَّة‎ (gīrra)

References

  • guerra in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • R. E. Latham, D. R. Howlett, & R. K. Ashdowne, editors (1975–2013), “werra”, in Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources‎, London: Oxford University Press for the British Academy, →ISBN, OCLC 1369101
  1. Niermeyer, Jan Frederik (1976), “werra”, in Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden, Boston: E. J. Brill, page 1133

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ra/

Noun

guerra f (plural guerras)

  1. war

Antonyms

  • (war): paz

Descendants

  • Fala: guerra
  • Galician: guerra
  • Portuguese: guerra

Portuguese

Guerra

Etymology

From Old Portuguese guerra, from Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ʁɐ/ [ˈɡɛ.hɐ]
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ʁɐ/ [ˈɡɛ.χɐ]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ʁa/ [ˈɡɛ.ha]
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɡɛ.ʁɐ/

  • Hyphenation: guer‧ra
  • Audio (Brazil)(file)

Noun

guerra f (plural guerras)

  1. war (organised, large-scale armed conflict)
    Antonym: paz
  2. (uncountable) war; warfare (the waging of war)
  3. (figurative) war (any large-scale conflict)
    Synonym: conflito

Derived terms

  • ciberguerra
  • guerrear
  • guerreiro
  • guerrinha
  • guerrona
  • guerrilha

Descendants

  • → Papiamentu: gera

See also

  • batalha, bélico, combate, beligerência

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • uiara (Sursilvan)
  • veara, gueara (Sutsilvan)
  • ghera (Surmiran)

Etymology

From Medieval Latin guerra, werra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Noun

guerra f (plural guerras)

  1. war

Sicilian

Alternative forms

  • verra, uerra

Etymology

From Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • (Trapani) IPA(key): [ˈɡwɛʐʐa]
  • Hyphenation: guèr‧ra

Noun

guerra f (plural guerri)

  1. war

Antonyms

  • paci

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish guerra, from Medieval Latin guerra, borrowed from Frankish *werru (“confusion; quarrel”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɡera/ [ˈɡe.ra]
  • Audio (Colombia)(file)
  • Rhymes: -era
  • Syllabification: gue‧rra

Noun

guerra f (plural guerras)

  1. war, warfare
    La guerra entre los Estados Unidos e Irak
    The war between the United States and Iraq
    Synonyms: conflicto bélico, choque, combate, conflagración, conflicto, contienda, cruzada, enfrentamiento, guerrilla, hostilidades, lid, lucha, ofensiva, pelea, refriega
    Antonyms: paz, concordia

Hyponyms

  • guerra a muerte
  • guerra biológica
  • guerra de comida (“food fight”)
  • guerra de desgaste
  • guerra de ediciones
  • guerra de precios
  • guerra de trincheras
  • guerra fría
  • guerra mundial
  • guerra nuclear
  • guerra psicológica
  • guerra púnica
  • guerra santa
  • guerra subsidiaria
  • guerra sucia

Derived terms

  • acción de guerra
  • aguerrido
  • buque de guerra
  • consejo de guerra
  • criminal de guerra
  • declaración de guerra
  • declarar la guerra
  • en la guerra y en el amor todo vale
  • en tiempos de guerra cualquier agujero es trinchera
  • entreguerras
  • estado de guerra
  • guerra civil
  • guerra cultural
  • guerra digital
  • guerrear
  • guerrero
  • guerrilla
  • hombre de guerra
  • honores de la guerra
  • mujer de guerra
  • nave de guerra, barco de guerra (“warship”)
  • navío de guerra
  • neurosis de guerra
  • nombre de guerra
  • posguerra
  • prisionero de guerra
  • señor de la guerra
  • zona de guerra

Descendants

  • → Tagalog: gera, giyera

Further reading

  • “guerra”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
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