ground
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /ɡɹaʊnd/
Audio (GA) (file) Audio (AU) (file) - Rhymes: -aʊnd
Etymology 1
From Middle English grounde, from Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz. Cognate with West Frisian grûn, Dutch grond and German Grund. No non-Germanic cognates are known.
Alternative forms
- GND (contraction used in electronics)
Noun
ground (countable and uncountable, plural grounds)
- The surface of the Earth, as opposed to the sky or water or underground.
- Look, I found a ten dollar bill on the ground!
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXIII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, OCLC 4293071:
- If the afternoon was fine they strolled together in the park, very slowly, and with pauses to draw breath wherever the ground sloped upward. The slightest effort made the patient cough.
- 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
- Mind you, clothes were clothes in those days. […] Frills, ruffles, flounces, lace, complicated seams and gores: not only did they sweep the ground and have to be held up in one hand elegantly as you walked along, but they had little capes or coats or feather boas.
- 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
- From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts.
- (uncountable) Terrain.
- 1971, “The development of terrain following radar: an account of the progress made with an airborne guidance system for low flying military aircraft”, in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology:
- As the terrain-following radar scans the ground ahead of the aircraft the actual clearance height is measured by the radio altimeter.
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- Soil, earth.
- The worm crawls through the ground.
- (countable) The bottom of a body of water.
- Basis, foundation, groundwork, legwork.
- c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, OCLC 8728872, lines 11–14, page 62:
- Wyth cry unreverent,
Before the sacrament,
Wythin the holy church bowndis,
That of our fayth the grownd is.
-
- (chiefly in the plural) Reason, (epistemic) justification, cause.
- You will need to show good grounds for your action.
- He could not come on grounds of health, or on health grounds.
- Background, context, framework, surroundings.
- (historical) The area on which a battle is fought, particularly as referring to the area occupied by one side or the other. Often, according to the eventualities, "to give ground" or "to gain ground".
- (figurative, by extension) Advantage given or gained in any contest; e.g. in football, chess, debate or academic discourse.
- The plain surface upon which the figures of an artistic composition are set.
- crimson flowers on a white ground
- 1941 December, “The Why and the Wherefore: Cornish names of G.W.R. locomotives”, in Railway Magazine, page 575:
- One and All is the motto of the County of Cornwall, used below the coat-of-arms, which is a shield embracing fifteen bezants, or golden roundels, on a black ground; [...].
- (sculpture) A flat surface upon which figures are raised in relief.
- (point lace) The net of small meshes upon which the embroidered pattern is applied.
- Brussels ground
- (etching) A gummy substance spread over the surface of a metal to be etched, to prevent the acid from eating except where an opening is made by the needle.
- (architecture, chiefly in the plural) One of the pieces of wood, flush with the plastering, to which mouldings etc. are attached.
- Grounds are usually put up first and the plastering floated flush with them.
- (countable) A soccer stadium.
- Manchester United's ground is known as Old Trafford.
- (electricity, Canada and US) An electrical conductor connected to the earth, or a large conductor whose electrical potential is taken as zero (such as a steel chassis).
- 1961, “GROUND”, in The International Dictionary of Physics and Electronics, 2nd edition, Princeton, NJ: D. Van Nostrand, page 539:
- А ground may be undesirable, inadvertent, or accidental path taken by an electrical current; or it may be the deliberate provision of conductors well connected to the ground by means of plates buried therein, or similar device.
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- (countable, cricket) The area of grass on which a match is played (a cricket field); the entire arena in which it is played; the part of the field behind a batsman's popping crease where he can not be run out (hence to make one's ground).
- (music) A composition in which the bass, consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is continually repeated to a varying melody.
- (music) The tune on which descants are raised; the plain song.
- c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene vii]:
- Buck[ingham] The Mayor is here at hand; pretend ſome fear, // Be not you ſpoke with, but by mighty ſuit; // And look you get a prayer-book in your hand, // And ſtand between two churchmen, good my lord, // For on that ground I’ll build a holy deſcant: // And be not eaſily won to our requeſts: // Play the maid’s part, ſtill anſwer nay, and take it.
-
- The pit of a theatre.
- 1614 November 10 (first performance; Gregorian calendar), Beniamin Iohnson [i.e., Ben Jonson], Bartholmevv Fayre: A Comedie, […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot, […], published 1631, OCLC 869654321, (please specify the page):
- the understanding gentlemen o' the ground here ask'd my judgment
-
Synonyms
- (electricity) earth (British)
Hyponyms
- break ground
- breeding ground
- burial ground
- campground
- camping ground
- common ground
- cricket ground
- cumber ground
- fairground
- gain ground
- give ground
- high ground
- home ground
- lose ground
- middle ground
- moral high ground
- neutral ground
- parade ground
- picnic ground
- pleasure ground
- proving ground
- school ground
- showground
- singing ground
- solid ground
- sports ground
- stamping ground
- stomping ground
- teeing ground
- testing ground
- training ground
- vantage ground
Derived terms
- aboveground, above-ground
- aground
- air-to-ground
- background
- Battle Ground
- battleground, battle ground
- cumberground, cumber-ground, cumber ground
- dead ground
- foreground
- gill-over-the-ground
- go to ground
- ground-breaker
- ground-breaking
- ground fog
- groundhog, ground-hog
- groundless
- groundling
- groundly
- ground mist
- ground provisions
- ground-rule
- ground-shaker
- groundsman
- ground substance
- groundwork
- open ground
- overground, Overground
- put facts on the ground
- schoolground
- soften the ground
- underground, Underground
Related terms
- above ground
- ear to the ground
- facts on the ground
- figure and ground
- from the ground up
- gain-ground
- get off the ground
- groundbait
- ground ball
- ground bass
- ground beetle
- ground berry
- ground cable
- ground cedar
- ground cherry
- ground cloth
- ground clutter
- ground control
- ground cover
- ground crew, groundcrew
- ground effect
- ground failure
- ground fault
- ground fir
- ground fire
- ground fish
- ground floor
- ground forces
- ground frame
- ground game
- ground hemlock
- ground hog
- ground itch
- ground ivy
- ground lamella
- ground laurel
- ground level
- ground loop
- ground meristem
- ground noise
- ground offensive
- ground out
- ground pangolin
- ground pine
- ground plan
- ground plane
- ground plate
- ground plum
- ground pounder
- ground proximity warning system
- ground rattlesnake
- ground rent
- ground robin
- ground roller
- ground rule
- ground sense
- ground shark
- ground sloth
- ground snake
- ground speed
- ground spider
- ground squirrel
- ground staff
- ground state
- ground stroke
- ground substance
- ground swell
- ground tackle
- ground tissue
- ground-to-air
- ground truth
- ground water
- ground wave
- ground wire
- ground zero
- hit the ground running
- kiss the ground someone walks on
- know one's ass from a hole in the ground
- off the ground
- on solid ground
- on the ground
- run into the ground
- stand one's ground
- thick on the ground
- thin on the ground
- Pages starting with “ground”.
Translations
surface of the Earth
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terrain — see terrain
soil, earth
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bottom of a body of water
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basis, foundation, groundwork
|
background, context, framework, surroundings
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football field
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electrical conductor connected to point of zero potential
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electrical point of zero potential
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked
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See also
- floor
- terra firma
Verb
ground (third-person singular simple present grounds, present participle grounding, simple past and past participle grounded)
- (US) To connect (an electrical conductor or device) to a ground.
- Synonym: earth
- (transitive) To punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges.
- Synonym: gate
- If you don't clean your room, I'll have no choice but to ground you.
- Eric, you are grounded until further notice for lying to us about where you were last night!
- My kids are currently grounded from television.
- (transitive) To forbid (an aircraft or pilot) to fly.
- Because of the bad weather, all flights were grounded.
- To give a basic education in a particular subject; to instruct in elements or first principles.
- Jim was grounded in maths.
- (baseball) To hit a ground ball. Compare fly (verb (regular)) and line (verb).
- 2019 March 21, Chris Cwik, “Ichiro Suzuki Goes Out in Style, Retires After Series in Japan”, in Yahoo! Sports:
- [Ichiro Suzuki] went 0 for 4, popping out in foul territory, grounding out to second, and striking out looking. And then, in the top of the eighth inning with a runner on second, the “True Hit King” grounded out to short, just barely failing to beat it out.
- 2019 April 10, Ben Walker (AP), “Twins Pitchers Go Wild, Syndergaard and Mets Stroll 9-6”, in Yahoo! Sports:
- The Twins scored three times in the eighth to make it 9-4 and loaded the bases with no outs. Jeurys Familia got Willians Astudillo to ground into a double play, limiting the damage.
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- To place something on the ground.
- (intransitive) To run aground; to strike the bottom and remain fixed.
- The ship grounded on the bar.
- To found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, reason, or principle; to furnish a ground for; to fix firmly.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Ephesians 3:17:
- being rooted and grounded in love
- 1859–1860, William Hamilton, H[enry] L[ongueville] Mansel and John Veitch, editors, Lectures on Metaphysics and Logic […], volume (please specify |volume=I to IV), Edinburgh; London: William Blackwood and Sons, OCLC 648725:
- So far from warranting any inference to the existence of a God, would, on the contrary, ground even an argument to his negation.
-
- (fine arts) To cover with a ground, as a copper plate for etching, or as paper or other materials with a uniform tint as a preparation for ornament.
- To improve or focus the mental or emotional state of.
- I ground myself with meditation.
Translations
to connect an electrical conductor
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to require a child to remain at home
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to forbid an aircraft or pilot to fly
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to gain a basic education of a particular subject
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baseball: to hit a ground ball
cricket: to place a bat, or part of body on the ground to avoid run-out
to run aground — see run aground
Etymology 2
Inflected form of grind. See also milled.
Verb
ground
- simple past tense and past participle of grind
- I ground the coffee up nicely.
Adjective
ground (not comparable)
- Crushed, or reduced to small particles.
- Synonym: milled
- ground mustard seed
- 1851, Herman Melville, Moby Dick:
- Alike, joy and sorrow, hope and fear, seemed ground to finest dust, and powdered, for the time, in the clamped mortar of Ahab's iron soul.
- 1969, Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany, volume 16, page 16:
- The intestinal contents of F. Stellifer seem finely ground in comparison to those of F. catenatus, probably as a result of chewing with the stout pharyngeal molars.
- 2018, S Sivakumar, E Zwier, PB Meisenheimer…, “Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides”, in Journal of Visualized Experiments:
- Powder mixing and grinding are complete when the powder is homogenous and grey-black in color, appears finely ground, and feels smooth.
- Processed by grinding.
- lenses of ground glass
- 1985, Sergeĭ Aristarkhovich Semenov, Prehistoric Technology: An Experimental Study of the Oldest Tools and Artefacts from Traces of Manufacture and Wear, page 14:
- the traces of wear have the appearance of dull patches that look ground.
- 2000, Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, page 258:
- The axial perforation, the handle socket and the quern base are all rough and do not appear ground or polished
- 2018, H Glimpel, HJ Lauffer, A Bremstahler, Finishing Tool, In Particular End Milling Cutter, US Patent App. 15/764,739
- An advantage of such a finishing tool is that, after the machining, the workpiece has high surface quality. The surface which is produced appears finely ground to polished by means of this procedure.
Derived terms
- ground beef
- ground glass
- ground pepper
- stoneground
Translations
crushed or reduced to small particles
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Descendants
- → Tok Pisin: graun
References
- ground at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
- dog run
Middle English
Alternative forms
- grund, grounde
Etymology
From Old English grund, from Proto-Germanic *grunduz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡruːnd/
Noun
ground
- ground
- Earth
Declension
Declension of ground
| Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative, accusative | ground | groundes |
| genitive | grounde | grounde or groundes |
| dative | groundes | grounden |
Descendants
- English: ground
- → Fiji Hindi: garaund
- → Maltese: grawnd
- Scots: grund, groond, greund
- Yola: greoune, greoun, greound
References
- “grǒund, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.